Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'eradication'

English Word: eradication

Key Russian Translations:

• искоренение /ɪskɐrɛˈnʲenʲje/ - [Formal, often used in scientific, environmental, or official contexts]
• уничтожение /ʊnʲɪˈtʃoʐɛnʲje/ - [Formal or Informal, but less precise for long-term elimination]

Frequency: Medium (This term is not everyday vocabulary but appears in discussions on environmental issues, health, or policy.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for искоренение; B1 for уничтожение (Learners at this level should be familiar with noun declensions and formal language structures.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

искоренение: /ɪskɐrɛˈnʲenʲje/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'р' is a rolled 'r', which can be challenging for English speakers.)

Note on искоренение: The 'е' in the second syllable is pronounced as a soft 'e' sound, similar to 'ye' in "yes", and the word ends with a palatalized 'nʲ'. Practice with native speakers to master the fluidity.

уничтожение: /ʊnʲɪˈtʃoʐɛnʲje/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'ч' is a voiceless palatal fricative, like 'ch' in "church".)

Note on уничтожение: This word has a more abrupt ending; avoid over-emphasizing the final 'e' to sound natural.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: The act of completely destroying, eliminating, or rooting out something, often permanently, such as pests, diseases, or social issues.

Translation(s) & Context:

• искоренение - Used in formal contexts like environmental campaigns or medical discussions, emphasizing thorough and lasting removal.
• уничтожение - Applied in broader contexts, such as military or everyday destruction, but implies less permanence than искоренение.

Usage Examples:

• В глобальной кампании по искоренению полиомиелита были вакцинированы миллионы детей.

  In the global campaign for the eradication of polio, millions of children were vaccinated.

• Правительство приняло меры по искоренению коррупции в системе здравоохранения.

  The government has taken measures to eradicate corruption in the healthcare system.

• Уничтожение вредных насекомых в саду не всегда приводит к их полному искоренению.

  The destruction of harmful insects in the garden doesn't always lead to their complete eradication.

• Экологи борются за искоренение незаконной вырубки лесов в Сибири.

  Ecologists are fighting for the eradication of illegal logging in Siberia.

• Без систематического уничтожения сорняков, их искоренение становится невозможным.

  Without systematic destruction of weeds, their eradication becomes impossible.

Secondary Meaning: Figurative use, such as eliminating bad habits or social evils.

Translation(s) & Context:

• искоренение - In metaphorical contexts, like education or personal development, to denote deep-rooted change.

Usage Examples:

• Искоренение предрассудков требует времени и усилий со стороны общества.

  Eradicating prejudices requires time and effort from society.

• В школе проводятся уроки по искоренению дискриминации.

  In schools, lessons are held on eradicating discrimination.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "искоренение" and "уничтожение" are neuter nouns in Russian, following the standard declension patterns for third-declension nouns. They are invariant in plural forms when used in a general sense but change by case in singular. Below is a table for "искоренение" as an example:

For "уничтожение", the declension is similar but may vary slightly in informal speech. These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • уничтожение (similar but less emphasis on permanence)
  • элиминация (more technical, borrowed from English)
  • выкорчёвывание (specific to uprooting plants or ideas)
• Antonyms:
  • сохранение (preservation, implying protection rather than removal)
  • поддержка (support, often used in opposition to eradication efforts)

Related Phrases:

• Искоренение вредителей - Eradication of pests (Common in agriculture and environmental contexts.)
• Полное уничтожение угрозы - Complete eradication of a threat (Used in security or health scenarios.)
• Кампания по искоренению нищеты - Campaign for the eradication of poverty (Figurative use in social policy.)

Usage Notes:

"Искоренение" is the most precise translation for "eradication" in Russian, as it conveys a sense of total and permanent elimination, similar to how "eradicate" is used in English for deep-rooted issues. It is typically formal and appears in written or official language, so avoid it in casual conversations. For example, in environmental discussions, pair it with verbs like "проводить" (to carry out). When choosing between "искоренение" and "уничтожение", opt for the former if the context implies long-term results; the latter is better for immediate destruction. Be mindful of case agreements in sentences, as Russian nouns must align with adjectives and verbs.

Common Errors:

• English learners often misuse the genitive case, e.g., saying "искоренение полиомиелита" incorrectly as "искоренение от полиомиелита" (wrong: implies "from polio" instead of "of polio"). Correct: Use genitive directly as in "искоренение полиомиелита". This error stems from over-translating English prepositions.

• Confusing with synonyms: Learners might use "уничтожение" interchangeably with "искоренение", but the former doesn't imply permanence. Wrong example: "Уничтожение коррупции решит проблему навсегда" (implies temporary fix). Correct: "Искоренение коррупции решит проблему навсегда". Explanation: Always check the context for duration.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "искоренение" often evoke historical contexts, such as Soviet-era campaigns for the eradication of illiteracy or diseases, reflecting a collective effort towards societal improvement. This can add a layer of ideological connotation, emphasizing state-led initiatives, which differs from more individualistic Western approaches to eradication.

Related Concepts:

• экология (ecology)
• защита окружающей среды (environmental protection)
• профилактика (prevention)