Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exasperation'

English Word: exasperation

Key Russian Translations:

• раздражение [rɐzdrɐˈʐenʲɪje] - [Formal, Informal; Often used in everyday contexts]
• раздосадование [rɐzdoˌsadəˈvanʲɪje] - [Formal; Used in more literary or emotional descriptions]

Frequency: Medium - This word and its translations appear regularly in spoken and written Russian, especially in discussions of emotions, but not as commonly as basic vocabulary.

Difficulty: B2 - Intermediate level according to CEFR standards. Learners at this stage can grasp emotional nuances, though the precise connotations may require practice. For "раздражение", it's B2; for "раздосадование", it's closer to C1 due to its more formal usage.

Pronunciation (Russian):

раздражение: [rɐzdrɐˈʐenʲɪje]

Note on раздражение: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ʐenʲɪje"), and the "ж" sound is a soft, voiced fricative. Be cautious with the rolling "р" at the beginning.

раздосадование: [rɐzdoˌsadəˈvanʲɪje]

Note on раздосадование: This word has a secondary stress on the third syllable, making it slightly more complex for non-native speakers. Pronounce it with a clear separation between syllables.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Intense frustration or annoyance due to prolonged irritation.

Translation(s) & Context:

• раздражение - Used in everyday situations to describe mild to moderate exasperation, such as in family or work settings.
• раздосадование - Applied in more reflective or formal contexts, like literature, to convey deeper emotional distress.

Usage Examples:

• Его постоянные опоздания вызывают у меня раздражение.

  His constant lateness causes me exasperation.

• Раздосадование от неудачи в проекте заставило его пересмотреть свои планы.

  The exasperation from the project failure made him rethink his plans.

• В толпе аэропорта я почувствовал сильное раздражение из-за задержки рейса.

  In the airport crowd, I felt strong exasperation due to the flight delay.

• Её раздосадование проявилось в тихом вздохе, когда он снова забыл о обещании.

  Her exasperation showed in a quiet sigh when he forgot his promise again.

• Раздражение от шума соседей не утихало всю ночь.

  The exasperation from the neighbors' noise didn't subside all night.

Secondary Meaning: A state of being worn out by repeated annoyances.

Translation(s) & Context:

• раздражение - Common in psychological or daily life contexts, emphasizing cumulative frustration.

Usage Examples:

• После нескольких часов переговоров, раздражение нарастало среди участников.

  After several hours of negotiations, exasperation was building among the participants.

• Раздосадование от рутинной работы может привести к burnout.

  Exasperation from routine work can lead to burnout.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. "Раздражение" is a neuter noun in the second declension, which follows regular patterns. "Раздосадование" is also a neuter noun but less common and follows similar rules.

Note: These forms are regular for neuter nouns. "Раздосадование" is invariant in some contexts due to its abstract nature, but it generally follows the pattern above.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гнев [ɡnʲef] - More intense anger, often sudden.
  • раздражение - Similar to exasperation but can be milder.
  • возмущение [vəzmʊˈʂenʲɪje] - Indignation, with a sense of moral outrage.
• Antonyms:
  • спокойствие [spɐˈkojstvʲɪje] - Calmness, the opposite of emotional agitation.
  • терпение [tʲɪrˈpʲenʲɪje] - Patience, implying endurance without frustration.

Related Phrases:

• Вызывать раздражение - To cause exasperation; Used when something provokes annoyance.
• Дойти до раздражения - To reach the point of exasperation; Indicates building frustration.
• Раздражение в голосе - Exasperation in one's voice; A common expression for tonal cues.

Usage Notes:

"Раздражение" directly corresponds to "exasperation" in contexts of everyday irritation, making it versatile for both formal and informal use. However, "раздосадование" is better for literary or introspective scenarios. Be mindful of grammatical gender (neuter) and case changes in sentences. For English speakers, note that Russian often pairs these words with verbs like "вызывать" (to cause) to show progression of emotion. When choosing between translations, opt for "раздражение" in spoken language and "раздосадование" in written narratives for a more precise fit.

• Always consider the context: Use in professional settings might require a more formal tone.
• Syntax tip: Russian sentences often place the emotion word at the end for emphasis, e.g., "Это вызывает раздражение сильное."

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "раздражение" with "гнев" (anger), using it interchangeably. For example, an incorrect usage might be: "Я чувствую гнев от мелких проблем" (I feel anger from minor issues), when "раздражение" is more appropriate for exasperation. Correct version: "Я чувствую раздражение от мелких проблем." Explanation: "Гнев" implies explosive anger, while "раздражение" conveys building frustration. Another error is forgetting case changes, e.g., using nominative in genitive contexts, which can alter the sentence meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressions of exasperation like "раздражение" are often understated in social interactions to maintain harmony, reflecting the value of "терпение" (patience). This can stem from historical influences, such as Soviet-era stoicism, where overt emotional displays were discouraged. Understanding this helps English speakers navigate interpersonal dynamics in Russian-speaking environments.

Related Concepts:

• тревога (anxiety)
• усталость (fatigue)
• нервозность (nervousness)