Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'eighteen'

English Word: eighteen

Key Russian Translations:

• восемнадцать [vɐsʲɪˈmʲnadʲtsətʲ] - [Formal/Informal; Used as a cardinal number in everyday counting, ages, and quantities]

Frequency: High (Commonly used in daily conversations, such as stating ages, dates, or quantities)

Difficulty: A1 (Basic vocabulary for beginners, as numbers are fundamental in early language learning)

Pronunciation (Russian):

восемнадцать: [vɐsʲɪˈmʲnadʲtsətʲ]

Note on восемнадцать: The pronunciation emphasizes the "ts" sound at the end, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants. Stress falls on the third syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The cardinal number 18

Translation(s) & Context:

• восемнадцать - Used in contexts involving counting, ages, quantities, or dates, such as in formal documents, casual speech, or mathematical expressions.

Usage Examples:

• У меня восемнадцать лет.

  I am eighteen years old. (This example shows the word in a personal context, like stating age in a biographical setting.)

• Восемнадцать человек пришли на встречу.

  Eighteen people came to the meeting. (Demonstrates use in quantifying groups, common in social or professional scenarios.)

• Эта книга стоит восемнадцать рублей.

  This book costs eighteen rubles. (Illustrates the word in commercial contexts, such as pricing in a store.)

• Восемнадцать — это число, которое часто встречается в истории.

  Eighteen is a number that often appears in history. (Used in abstract or educational discussions, highlighting its role in narratives.)

• Я купил восемнадцать яблок на рынке.

  I bought eighteen apples at the market. (Shows everyday usage in shopping or daily routines, varying sentence structure.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

In Russian, cardinal numbers like "восемнадцать" are generally invariable and do not change form based on gender, case, or number. However, they can appear in compound forms or with nouns that inflect. For example:

Note: As a cardinal numeral, it is invariant, making it straightforward for learners, unlike nouns or adjectives that require full declension.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: None directly applicable, as "восемнадцать" is a specific numeral. However, in some contexts, it could be paraphrased with descriptive phrases like "полтора десятка" (one and a half dozen), though this is informal and less precise.
• Antonyms: семнадцать (nineteen) - Often considered a sequential opposite in counting contexts, but true antonyms for numbers are uncommon.

Related Phrases:

• восемнадцать лет - Eighteen years (Commonly used for ages or time periods, e.g., referring to legal adulthood).
• восемнадцать плюс - Eighteen plus (Used in mathematical expressions or to indicate addition beyond eighteen).
• восемнадцать раз - Eighteen times (In contexts of repetition, such as "I tried eighteen times," emphasizing frequency).

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "восемнадцать" directly corresponds to the English "eighteen" as a cardinal number and is used universally across formal and informal settings. It does not vary by gender or case, which makes it easier for English speakers to adopt. However, be mindful of its placement in sentences: it typically precedes the noun it quantifies (e.g., "восемнадцать книг" instead of "книг восемнадцать"). When dealing with ages, it's common in phrases like "мне восемнадцать" (I am eighteen). If multiple translations exist (e.g., for ordinal forms), choose based on context—stick with "восемнадцать" for basic counting.

Common Errors:

• Confusing it with similar-sounding numbers: English learners often mix "восемнадцать" (eighteen) with "восемь" (eight) or "девятнадцать" (nineteen) due to phonetic similarities. Incorrect: "У меня восемь лет" (I am eight years old). Correct: "У меня восемнадцать лет." Explanation: Pay attention to the full pronunciation to avoid truncation errors.

• Using it in the wrong grammatical position: Beginners might place the number after the noun, as in English. Incorrect: "лет восемнадцать" (years eighteen). Correct: "восемнадцать лет." Explanation: Russian word order for numerals is more rigid, so always position the number before the noun for natural flow.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "восемнадцать" is significant as the age of majority, similar to many Western countries, marking legal adulthood for voting, driving, and other rights. This can appear in cultural references, such as in literature or films about coming-of-age stories, emphasizing themes of independence and responsibility.

Related Concepts:

• девятнадцать (nineteen)
• семнадцать (seventeen)
• восемнадцатый (eighteenth, as an ordinal number)