Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dormant'

English Word: dormant

Key Russian Translations:

• спящий [ˈspʲaʂɪj] - [Formal, used in metaphorical or scientific contexts, e.g., for volcanoes or accounts]
• неактивный [nʲɪˈaktivnɨj] - [Informal, common in everyday or business language]
• латентный [ɫɐˈtʲentnɨj] - [Formal, technical, especially in medical or scientific fields]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations appear regularly in written and spoken Russian, particularly in literature, science, and business discussions.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective declensions and contextual usage. For 'спящий', it's B1; for 'неактивный', it's A2 due to its simplicity.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

спящий: [ˈspʲaʂɪj] (Note the soft 's' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'spʲ'.)

неактивный: [nʲɪˈaktivnɨj] (Emphasize the stress on the third syllable; common in neutral speech.)

латентный: [ɫɐˈtʲentnɨj] (The 'tʲ' is softly palatalized; practice with native audio for accuracy.)

Note on спящий: This word often has a poetic or metaphorical connotation, and the pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, softening the 'sh' sound.

Audio: Play audio for спящий [Here, insert an audio player or link placeholder.]

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Inactive but capable of becoming active (e.g., a dormant volcano or account)

Translation(s) & Context:

• спящий - Used in formal or literary contexts to describe something temporarily inactive, like natural phenomena.
• неактивный - Common in everyday or business settings, such as bank accounts or software.

Usage Examples:

• Вулкан был спящим в течение веков, но недавно проснулся. (The volcano was dormant for centuries but recently awoke.)

  English Translation: The volcano was dormant for centuries but recently awoke.

• Её банковский счёт оставался неактивным из-за отсутствия операций. (Her bank account remained dormant due to lack of transactions.)

  English Translation: Her bank account remained dormant due to lack of transactions.

• Латентный вирус может активироваться под влиянием стресса. (The dormant virus can activate under the influence of stress.)

  English Translation: The dormant virus can activate under the influence of stress.

• Спящий режим на компьютере экономит энергию. (The dormant mode on the computer saves energy.)

  English Translation: The dormant mode on the computer saves energy.

• Неактивный проект был возобновлён после получения финансирования. (The dormant project was revived after receiving funding.)

  English Translation: The dormant project was revived after receiving funding.

Meaning 2: In a state of rest or suspension (e.g., in legal or biological contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• латентный - Primarily used in scientific or medical contexts for hidden or potential states.
• спящий - Applied metaphorically in literature or history.

Usage Examples:

• Латентная инфекция не проявляет симптомов сразу. (The dormant infection does not show symptoms immediately.)

  English Translation: The dormant infection does not show symptoms immediately.

• Спящий контракт может быть активирован в случае необходимости. (The dormant contract can be activated if needed.)

  English Translation: The dormant contract can be activated if needed.

• Неактивный участник дискуссии внезапно вмешался. (The dormant participant in the discussion suddenly intervened.)

  English Translation: The dormant participant in the discussion suddenly intervened.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. 'Спящий' and 'неактивный' follow standard adjective patterns, while 'латентный' is less common and also declines regularly.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular inflections, making them straightforward for learners, but always agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • затухающий (zatukhayushchiy) - Gradually fading, often used for processes.
  • пассивный (passivnyy) - Passive or inactive, with a slight connotation of non-engagement.
• Antonyms:
  • активный (aktivnyy) - Active or engaged.
  • возбуждённый (vozbudzhonnyy) - Excited or awakened.

Related Phrases:

• Спящий режим (Spyashchiy rezhim) - Sleep mode; a computer setting that conserves energy.
• Неактивный период (Neaktivnyy period) - Dormant period; refers to a time of inactivity in business or nature.
• Латентный эффект (Latentnyy effekt) - Latent effect; used in psychology or medicine for delayed impacts.

Usage Notes:

'Спящий' is the most direct translation for 'dormant' in poetic or natural contexts, while 'неактивный' is preferred in modern, everyday Russian for practical scenarios. Be cautious with formal vs. informal registers: use 'латентный' in scientific writing but avoid it in casual speech. In Russian, these adjectives must agree grammatically with the nouns they describe, which differs from English's invariant adjectives. For example, choose 'спящий' over 'неактивный' when emphasizing potential reactivation.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'спящий' interchangeably with 'спящийся' (which means 'fallen asleep' in a different context). Correct: Stick to 'спящий' for 'dormant'. Example of error: *Вулкан спящийся* (incorrect); Correct: Вулкан спящий.

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective properly, e.g., saying 'спящий женщина' instead of 'спящая женщина'. Correct: Always match gender, as in 'спящая река' for a feminine noun. This is a common mistake for English speakers due to the lack of agreement in English.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of 'dormant' (e.g., 'спящий') often appears in literature and folklore, such as in fairy tales where characters or forces awaken from slumber, symbolizing renewal or hidden potential. This reflects Russia's vast landscapes with 'sleeping' volcanoes and long winters, embedding a metaphorical depth in everyday language.

Related Concepts:

• активный
• пассивный
• затухающий
• возбуждённый