Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dole'

English Word: dole

Key Russian Translations:

• доля [ˈdolʲə] - [Informal, used in everyday contexts for a share or portion]
• пособие [pɐˈsobʲije] - [Formal, specifically for welfare or assistance payments]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in discussions of economics, distribution, or social welfare, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate for 'доля' as it involves basic noun inflections; B2 for 'пособие' due to its formal contexts and potential compound usages)

Pronunciation (Russian):

доля: [ˈdolʲə]

пособие: [pɐˈsobʲije]

Note on доля: The soft 'л' sound ([lʲ]) can be tricky for English speakers; it's similar to the 'l' in "million" but softer. Pronounce with emphasis on the first syllable.

Note on пособие: The stress is on the third syllable; avoid stressing the first, as it might sound unnatural in formal Russian.

Audio: []

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A share, portion, or allotment (e.g., in distribution of resources)

Translation(s) & Context:

• доля - Used in informal contexts like dividing inheritance or shares in a business; common in everyday Russian speech.

Usage Examples:

• Каждый работник получил свою долю прибыли от компании.

  Each employee received their share of the company's profit.

• В этой сделке моя доля была меньше, чем ожидалось.

  In this deal, my share was smaller than expected.

• Дети поделили конфеты поровну, и каждая доля была одинаковой.

  The children divided the candies equally, and each share was the same.

• Его доля в проекте включала управление финансами.

  His share in the project included managing the finances.

Meaning 2: Welfare payment or unemployment benefit (e.g., government assistance)

Translation(s) & Context:

• пособие - Used in formal or official contexts, such as government documents or discussions about social security; less common in casual conversation.

Usage Examples:

• Безработные могут подать заявку на пособие по безработице в местном отделении.

  The unemployed can apply for unemployment benefits at the local office.

• Правительство увеличило пособие для семей с низким доходом.

  The government increased welfare payments for low-income families.

• Его пособие было отозвано из-за несоответствия критериям.

  His welfare payment was revoked due to not meeting the criteria.

• Получение пособия помогло ей пережить трудные времена.

  Receiving the benefit helped her get through tough times.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'доля' (a feminine noun in the first declension):

This word follows standard Russian noun inflections. It changes based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table of its declensions in singular form (plural is less common but follows similar patterns).

Note: 'доля' is invariant in plural for most cases but can become 'доли' in nominative plural.

For 'пособие' (a neuter noun, also first declension):

It has regular inflections with no irregularities.

This word does not change in plural forms as frequently, remaining 'пособия' in most cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for доля: часть [tʂastʲ] (part) - More general term; доля implies a specific allocated share. Порция [porʦɨjə] (portion) - Used in contexts of food or measurements.
• Synonyms for пособие: дотация [dɐˈtaʦɨjə] (subsidy) - Formal financial aid. Выплата [vɨˈplatə] (payment) - Broad term for any monetary disbursement.
• Antonyms for доля: целое [ʦɨˈloɛ] (whole) - Opposite of a part or share.
• Antonyms for пособие: штраф [ʂtraf] (fine) - A penalty rather than assistance.

Related Phrases:

• Доля в бизнесе - A share in a business; refers to ownership stakes in entrepreneurial contexts.
• Пособие по безработице - Unemployment benefit; commonly used in official or legal discussions about social support.
• Равная доля - Equal share; emphasizes fairness in distribution, often in family or community settings.

Usage Notes:

'Доля' corresponds closely to the English 'dole' in the sense of a portion or share, but it's more versatile in Russian and can appear in idiomatic expressions like 'взять свою долю' (to take one's share). Use it in informal settings to avoid sounding overly formal. For 'пособие', it's a direct match for welfare-related meanings of 'dole', but remember it's typically used in bureaucratic or official language; in casual speech, Russians might opt for simpler terms. When choosing between translations, select 'доля' for non-financial shares and 'пособие' for government aid to ensure precise correspondence. Grammatically, both nouns require attention to case endings in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'доля' with 'доллар' (dollar) - English learners might mishear or misuse due to similar sounds; correct usage: "Его доля в компании" (His share in the company), not "доллар".
• Overusing 'пособие' in informal contexts - Error: Saying "Я получил пособие от друга" (I received dole from a friend); Correct: Use 'долю' instead, as in "Я получил свою долю от друга". Explanation: 'Пособие' implies official aid, so it sounds unnatural in personal scenarios.
• Forgetting inflections - Error: Saying "Я видел пособие" instead of "Я видел пособие" (wait, correct is already used); more commonly, using nominative in all cases, e.g., "без доля" instead of "без доли". Explanation: Always adjust for genitive as shown in the inflections table to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'доля' often carries a connotation of fate or destiny, as in folk tales where one's 'доля' represents their predetermined life path. This adds a poetic layer not present in the English 'dole', reflecting Russia's literary traditions. For 'пособие', it ties into the Soviet-era welfare system, where state assistance was a key social policy, influencing modern attitudes toward government support.

Related Concepts:

• часть
• дотация
• надел