Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'doctrine'

English Word: doctrine

Key Russian Translations:

• доктрина [dɐkˈtrinə] - [Formal, Academic]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, political, and philosophical discussions, but less frequent in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and nominal inflections, suitable for learners with a solid grasp of Russian grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

доктрина: [dɐkˈtrinə]

Note on доктрина: The stress falls on the second syllable ('trinə'), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to Russian's variable stress patterns. Pronounce the 'р' as a trilled or alveolar flap for authenticity.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A set of beliefs or principles, often in a religious, political, or philosophical context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• доктрина - Used in formal contexts to refer to established theories or ideologies, such as in academic writing or political discourse (e.g., in discussions of Marxism or religious tenets).

Usage Examples:

• Эта доктрина стала основой современной политической философии.

  This doctrine became the foundation of modern political philosophy.

• В религии доктрина определяет ключевые верования верующих.

  In religion, doctrine defines the key beliefs of the faithful.

• Американская внешняя политика основана на доктрине глобального лидерства.

  American foreign policy is based on the doctrine of global leadership.

• Студенты изучают экономическую доктрину в рамках курса истории.

  Students study economic doctrine as part of the history course.

• Доктрина свободы слова часто обсуждается в контексте цензуры.

  The doctrine of free speech is often discussed in the context of censorship.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Доктрина" is a feminine noun (3rd declension) in Russian, which means it undergoes regular inflection based on case, number, and gender. It is not irregular, but learners should note the standard patterns for feminine nouns ending in -а.

Note: This noun does not change in the plural for some cases due to standard Russian patterns, but always pay attention to context for correct usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • идеология (ideology) - Often used interchangeably, but with a focus on systematic beliefs.
  • учение (teaching) - More neutral, applicable to educational or philosophical contexts; less formal than доктрина.
• Antonyms:
  • ересь (heresy) - Implies deviation from established doctrine, often with a negative connotation.
  • сомнение (doubt) - Refers to uncertainty or opposition to fixed beliefs.

Related Phrases:

• Доктрина невмешательства - Non-intervention doctrine; a principle in international relations where a state avoids interfering in others' affairs.
• Основная доктрина - Core doctrine; refers to the fundamental principles of a system, such as in religion or philosophy.
• Политическая доктрина - Political doctrine; commonly used in discussions of government policies.

Usage Notes:

Доктрина is a direct and precise translation of "doctrine" in formal contexts, particularly in academic or ideological discussions. English speakers should note that Russian often requires the noun to be inflected based on its role in the sentence (e.g., genitive for possession). It is typically used in written or spoken formal language, avoiding casual settings. When choosing between synonyms like идеология, opt for доктрина when emphasizing a structured set of principles rather than a broader worldview. Always consider the cultural context, as Russian discourse may frame doctrines in historical or philosophical terms.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the nominative form "доктрина" in all cases, e.g., saying "о доктрина" instead of "о доктрине".

  Correct: "О доктрине Маркса" (About Marx's doctrine). Explanation: Russian requires genitive case after prepositions like "о", so inflect properly to avoid grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing it with "доктор" (doctor), leading to mispronunciation or misspelling.

  Correct: Ensure the word is spelled and pronounced as "доктрина" with the correct IPA. Explanation: These are unrelated words, and mixing them can cause confusion in medical or academic contexts.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, the term "доктрина" often carries connotations of Soviet-era ideologies, such as Marxist-Leninist doctrine, which shaped much of 20th-century Russian thought. It can evoke discussions of state control and philosophical rigidity, making it a loaded word in contemporary debates about freedom and authority.

Related Concepts:

• идеология
• философия
• политика