Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'disperse'

English Word: disperse

Key Russian Translations:

• рассеивать [rɐˈsʲeɪvətʲ] - [Formal, used in scientific or general contexts]
• разогнать [rəzɐˈɡnatʲ] - [Informal, often for crowds or gatherings]
• распределить [rɐsprʲɪˈdʲelʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, emphasizing distribution or allocation]

Frequency: Medium - This verb is commonly used in contexts like physics, events, or everyday descriptions, but not as frequent as basic verbs.

Difficulty: B2 - Intermediate level, as it involves understanding verb conjugations and contextual nuances; for "рассеивать", it's B2, while "разогнать" might be A2 for simpler uses.

Pronunciation (Russian):

рассеивать: [rɐˈsʲeɪvətʲ]

разогнать: [rəzɐˈɡnatʲ]

распределить: [rɐsprʲɪˈdʲelʲɪtʲ]

Note on рассеивать: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 's' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To scatter or spread out (e.g., particles, light)

Translation(s) & Context:

• рассеивать - Used in scientific or physical contexts, such as dispersing light or particles.
• распределить - Applied when implying even distribution, like in logistics or data.

Usage Examples:

• Солнечный свет рассеивается в атмосфере, создавая радугу.

  The sunlight disperses in the atmosphere, creating a rainbow.

• Ветер рассеивает листья по всему саду.

  The wind disperses the leaves all over the garden.

• Ученые изучают, как частицы рассеиваются в вакууме.

  Scientists study how particles disperse in a vacuum.

• Рассеивать энергию – это ключевой процесс в лазерной технологии.

  Dispersing energy is a key process in laser technology.

• Чтобы рассеивать тепло, используйте вентилятор.

  To disperse heat, use a fan.

To break up or drive away (e.g., a crowd)

Translation(s) & Context:

• разогнать - Informal and often used in social or protest scenarios.
• рассеивать - More formal, for orderly dispersal.

Usage Examples:

• Полиция разогнала протестующих толпу для восстановления порядка.

  The police dispersed the crowd of protesters to restore order.

• Дождь быстро рассеял собравшихся на пикнике людей.

  The rain quickly dispersed the people gathered at the picnic.

• Організаторы мероприятия разогнали аудиторию после окончания шоу.

  The event organizers dispersed the audience after the show ended.

• Чтобы разогнать толпу, власти использовали громкоговорители.

  To disperse the crowd, the authorities used loudspeakers.

• В жару люди рассеиваются по теневым местам.

  In the heat, people disperse to shady spots.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "рассеивать" (a verb of the first conjugation), it follows standard patterns with infinitive, past, present, and future tenses. It is irregular in some aspects due to its root.

For "разогнать", it is also a verb but more irregular; infinitive: разогнать, past: разогнал (masc.), etc. "распределить" is perfective and changes to распределю in future forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • разбрасывать (more casual, for throwing around)
  • распылять (specifically for spraying or atomizing)
  • диспергировать (technical term, borrowed from English)
• Antonyms:
  • собирать (to gather)
  • сосредотачивать (to concentrate)

Related Phrases:

• рассеивать толпу – To disperse a crowd; used in law enforcement or event management contexts.
• рассеивать свет – To disperse light; common in optics and physics.
• разогнать облака – To disperse clouds; metaphorically for clearing the sky or figuratively for resolving issues.
• распределить ресурсы – To disperse resources; implies allocation in business or planning.

Usage Notes:

"Рассеивать" is the most direct translation for 'disperse' in neutral or formal contexts, especially for physical scattering, while "разогнать" is better for social or forceful dispersal. English users should note that Russian verbs often require perfective/imperfective pairs; "рассеивать" is imperfective. Choose based on context: use formal verbs in written or official settings. Grammar-wise, ensure subject-verb agreement as per Russian cases.

• Always consider the aspect: "рассеивать" for ongoing action, "рассеять" for completed.
• In informal speech, "разогнать" might carry a connotation of force, so use cautiously.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "рассеивать" with "распылять", thinking they mean the same; for example, saying "распылять свет" instead of "рассеивать свет" for dispersing light. Correct usage: "Рассеивать" implies spreading out without atomization. Another error is incorrect conjugation, like using "рассеивать" as *рассеиваюс* instead of "рассеиваю". Always conjugate based on person and number, e.g., "я рассеиваю" not *я рассеивать*.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "разогнать толпу" often evoke historical contexts, such as the suppression of protests in Soviet times, adding a layer of political connotation. This can make the word more emotive in discussions of public gatherings.

Related Concepts:

• сосредоточение (concentration)
• диффузия (diffusion)
• распределение (distribution)