Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dispensation'

English Word: dispensation

Key Russian Translations:

• Распределение [rɐsprʲɪdʲɪˈlʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, used in administrative or legal contexts]
• Освобождение [ɐsvəbɐˈʐenʲɪje] - [Formal, often in legal or religious exemptions]
• Диспенсация [dʲɪspʲɛnˈsat͡sɨjə] - [Formal, borrowed term, primarily in religious or ecclesiastical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in legal, administrative, and religious texts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of formal language and context-specific nuances; for 'Распределение' and 'Освобождение', it may be B1 if familiar with basic nouns, while 'Диспенсация' could be C1 due to its specialized use)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Распределение: [rɐsprʲɪdʲɪˈlʲenʲɪje]

Освобождение: [ɐsvəbɐˈʐenʲɪje]

Диспенсация: [dʲɪspʲɛnˈsat͡sɨjə]

Note on Распределение: The stress falls on the fourth syllable; be mindful of the soft 'р' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Note on Освобождение: The 'ж' sound is a voiced fricative, similar to 'zh' in 'measure'; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of distributing or allocating resources, authority, or privileges.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Распределение - Used in formal contexts like government policies or resource management.
• Диспенсация - Applied in specific administrative or ecclesiastical settings, such as granting permissions.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство осуществило распределение средств на социальные программы.

  The government carried out the dispensation of funds for social programs.

• В университете проводится распределение мест в общежитиях для студентов.

  The university is handling the dispensation of dormitory spots for students.

• Эта система обеспечивает равное распределение обязанностей среди сотрудников.

  This system ensures an equal dispensation of duties among employees.

• После реформы была организована диспенсация дополнительных льгот для ветеранов.

  After the reform, a dispensation of additional benefits for veterans was organized.

Meaning 2: An exemption or special permission from a rule or obligation.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Освобождение - Common in legal or everyday contexts for waivers or releases.
• Диспенсация - More formal, often in religious contexts like Catholic practices.

Usage Examples:

• Суд предоставил освобождение от уплаты штрафа по уважительной причине.

  The court granted a dispensation from paying the fine for a valid reason.

• Врачи получили освобождение от военной службы из-за медицинских ограничений.

  Doctors received a dispensation from military service due to medical restrictions.

• Церковь выдала диспенсацию для брака между родственниками.

  The church issued a dispensation for marriage between relatives.

• Эта политика позволяет освобождение от налогов для малого бизнеса.

  This policy allows for a dispensation from taxes for small businesses.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily nouns, which in Russian undergo declension based on case, number, and gender. 'Распределение' and 'Освобождение' are neuter nouns, while 'Диспенсация' is also neuter but follows standard patterns.

Note: These follow regular neuter noun patterns in Russian grammar, with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Распределение: Аллокация (allocation, more technical)
  • Освобождение: Изъятие (exemption, with a nuance of removal)
  • Диспенсация: Разрешение (permission, broader in everyday use)
• Antonyms:
  • Распределение: Сбор (collection)
  • Освобождение: Обязательство (obligation)
  • Диспенсация: Запрет (prohibition)

Related Phrases:

• Распределение ресурсов - Distribution of resources (refers to allocating limited supplies in economic contexts)
• Освобождение от ответственности - Release from responsibility (used in legal waivers)
• Диспенсация брака - Marriage dispensation (a religious phrase for special permissions in church law)
• Общее распределение - General dispensation (implying widespread allocation, e.g., in policies)

Usage Notes:

'Dispensation' in English often aligns with 'Распределение' for allocation contexts and 'Освобождение' for exemptions, but choose based on the specific scenario to avoid mistranslation. In Russian, these words are formal and rarely used in casual speech; opt for them in written or official documents. Grammatically, they are neuter nouns, so they must agree in gender, number, and case with accompanying words. For multiple translations, 'Диспенсация' is best for religious themes due to its direct borrowing from Latin via English.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'Распределение' with 'Сбор' and using it for collection instead of distribution. Correct: Use 'Распределение' only for allocation; for example, incorrect: "Распределение документов" when meaning gathering them. Correct: "Сбор документов".

• Error: Forgetting case agreement, e.g., saying "в распределение" instead of "в распределении" in prepositional case. Explanation: Russian nouns change forms; always check the required case for proper sentence structure.

• Error: Overusing 'Диспенсация' in non-religious contexts, which can sound awkward. Correct: In secular settings, prefer 'Освобождение'; e.g., incorrect: "Диспенсация от налогов" for tax exemption; correct: "Освобождение от налогов".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'Диспенсация' often carry historical ties to the Orthodox Church or Soviet-era administrative practices, where dispensations were granted by authorities as symbols of power. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on hierarchy and formal permissions, differing from more individualistic Western approaches to rules and exemptions.

Related Concepts:

• Аллокация
• Изъятие
• Разрешение
• Обязательство