Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dish'

English Word: dish

Key Russian Translations:

• блюдо [ˈblʲudə] - [Formal, can refer to a prepared food item or a plate; commonly used in culinary contexts]
• тарелка [tɐˈrʲelkə] - [Informal, specifically for a shallow container like a plate; used in everyday settings]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in daily conversations, especially in food-related topics, but not as frequent as basic nouns like "дом" for house)

Difficulty: A2 (Beginner level; straightforward for English speakers due to phonetic similarities, but requires attention to gender and declensions in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

блюдо: [ˈblʲudə]

Note on блюдо: The 'бл' sound features a soft 'л' (palatalized), which can be challenging for beginners; stress is on the first syllable. Avoid pronouncing it as a hard 'l' like in English "blue."

Audio: []

тарелка: [tɐˈrʲelkə]

Note on тарелка: Stress is on the second syllable; the 'р' is rolled, and 'л' is soft, common in Russian feminine nouns. Practice the vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A prepared food item or course of a meal

Translation(s) & Context:

• блюдо - Used in formal or culinary contexts, such as describing recipes or restaurant menus; appropriate for both spoken and written Russian.

Usage Examples:

• Я приготовил вкусное блюдо из свежих овощей.

  I prepared a tasty dish from fresh vegetables. (Demonstrates use in a simple declarative sentence about cooking.)

• Это блюдо – фирменное в нашем ресторане.

  This dish is the signature one in our restaurant. (Shows possessive structure and context in a service industry setting.)

• В меню есть несколько вегетарианских блюд.

  The menu has several vegetarian dishes. (Illustrates plural form in a listing context.)

• Какое блюдо вы рекомендуете для ужина?

  What dish do you recommend for dinner? (Used in a question for recommendations, highlighting interactive dialogue.)

• Блюдо получилось слишком соленым.

  The dish turned out too salty. (Demonstrates evaluative language in feedback scenarios.)

Meaning 2: A shallow container for serving food (e.g., a plate)

Translation(s) & Context:

• тарелка - Informal and everyday usage; preferred when specifically referring to tableware rather than food itself.

Usage Examples:

• Поставьте тарелку на стол.

  Put the plate on the table. (Simple imperative command in a domestic setting.)

• Эта тарелка разбилась во время уборки.

  This plate broke during cleaning. (Narrates an event, showing past tense usage.)

• В шкафу много тарелок разных размеров.

  There are many plates of different sizes in the cupboard. (Describes quantity and variety in a descriptive sentence.)

• Не забудьте помыть тарелки после обеда.

  Don't forget to wash the plates after lunch. (Reminds of a task, using infinitive for action.)

• Тарелка была украшена красивым узором.

  The plate was decorated with a beautiful pattern. (Adjective modification in a descriptive context.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "блюдо" (neuter noun) and "тарелка" (feminine noun) follow standard Russian declension patterns. "Блюдо" is a neuter noun with regular declensions, while "тарелка" has typical feminine endings.

Note: These are regular patterns; no irregularities for these words. Always adjust based on sentence requirements for case and number.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for блюдо (as food): кушанье [kuˈʂanʲje] (more poetic or formal), яство [ˈjastva] (archaic, literary)
• Synonyms for тарелка: миска [ˈmʲiskə] (for a bowl-like dish), поднос [pɐdˈnos] (for a tray, but not exact)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as these are concrete nouns; however, for блюдо as food, something like "голод" [ˈgolət] (hunger) could contrast conceptually in certain contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Горячее блюдо - Hot dish (Refers to a warm food item, commonly used in menus or cooking descriptions.)
• Подавать блюдо - To serve a dish (A phrase for presenting food in social or restaurant settings.)
• Разбить тарелку - To break a plate (Used in everyday mishaps or superstitions in Russian culture.)
• Набор тарелок - Set of plates (For household items, often in shopping contexts.)

Usage Notes:

English speakers should note that "dish" can translate to either "блюдо" or "тарелка" based on context: use "блюдо" for food-related meanings to match formal Russian culinary language, and "тарелка" for objects. Be mindful of gender—блюдо is neuter, affecting adjective agreements (e.g., "вкусное блюдо"). In informal speech, Russians might use diminutives like "блюдечко" for a small dish. Choose the translation based on register: "блюдо" is versatile, while "тарелка" is more casual.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "блюдо" interchangeably for any plate, leading to confusion with food meanings. Correct: Reserve "тарелка" for tableware. Example of error: "Я ем с блюдо" (incorrect); Correct: "Я ем с тарелки". Explanation: "Блюдо" primarily means the food, not the container, so misuse can alter the sentence's intent.

• Error: Forgetting declensions, e.g., saying "Я вижу блюдо" when it should be "Я вижу тарелку" in accusative. Correct: Adjust for case as shown in the inflections table. Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English lacks, so learners must practice this to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "блюдо" as a food item often ties to hospitality and family traditions, such as in festive meals where dishes like borscht or pelmeni are central. Breaking a "тарелка" is sometimes seen as a good omen in folklore, symbolizing the start of something new, which contrasts with Western superstitions.

Related Concepts:

• стол (table)
• кухня (kitchen)
• рецепт (recipe)
• прибор (utensil)