Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'disgorge'

English Word: disgorge

Key Russian Translations:

• извергать [/ɪzˈvʲɛrɡətʲ/] - [Formal, Literary; Used in contexts involving natural phenomena or forceful discharge]
• выплюнуть [/vɨˈplʲʊnʲʊtʲ/] - [Informal; Used for spitting out or ejecting something small, like food or words]

Frequency: Medium (This verb is commonly encountered in literary, scientific, or descriptive texts but less so in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate for 'извергать'; learners should understand verb conjugations and aspect distinctions. For 'выплюнуть', it is A2 - Beginner, as it's more straightforward.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

извергать: /ɪzˈvʲɛrɡətʲ/

выплюнуть: /vɨˈplʲʊnʲʊtʲ/

Note on извергать: The stress falls on the second syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'г' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. A soft pronunciation variant may occur in faster speech.

Note on выплюнуть: This word has a strong 'п' plosive; practice the 'ы' vowel to avoid confusing it with 'и'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To pour out or discharge forcefully, as in a river emptying into the sea (Literal, physical sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• извергать - Used in formal or literary descriptions of natural events, such as geological or environmental contexts; conveys a sense of power and abundance.

Usage Examples:

• Река извергала потоки воды в океан во время наводнения.

  The river disgorged streams of water into the ocean during the flood.

• Вулкан извергал лаву, покрывая всё вокруг раскалённой массой.

  The volcano disgorged lava, covering everything around with molten mass.

• Трубы фабрики извергали токсичные отходы в реку, вызывая загрязнение.

  The factory pipes disgorged toxic waste into the river, causing pollution.

• После дождя ливневка извергала воду на улицы города.

  After the rain, the storm drain disgorged water onto the city's streets.

Meaning 2: To give up or reveal something unwillingly, such as information or hidden items (Figurative sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выплюнуть - Informal and vivid; often used in spoken language for confessing or ejecting something metaphorically, like secrets.

Usage Examples:

• Под давлением допроса подозреваемый выплюнул правду о своём сообщнике.

  Under interrogation pressure, the suspect disgorged the truth about his accomplice.

• Ребёнок выплюнул осколки, которые он проглотил по неосторожности.

  The child disgorged the shards he had swallowed by accident.

• Во время спора она выплюнула обидные слова, о которых потом пожалела.

  During the argument, she disgorged hurtful words that she later regretted.

• Компания была вынуждена выплюнуть конфиденциальные данные из-за судебного приказа.

  The company was forced to disgorge confidential data due to a court order.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, which in Russian undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. 'Извергать' is an imperfective verb, indicating ongoing or repeated action, while 'выплюнуть' is perfective, denoting a completed action.

Note: These verbs follow standard patterns for first-conjugation verbs, with no irregularities, but aspect changes (imperfective to perfective) are crucial in Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • изливать (to pour out; similar to извергать but less forceful, often used for liquids)
  • выдавать (to give up or reveal; more neutral than выплюнуть)
• Antonyms:
  • удерживать (to hold back; opposite of discharging)
  • скрывать (to hide; opposite of revealing)

Related Phrases:

• Извергать лаву - A phrase for volcanic activity; English: "To disgorge lava" (used in geological contexts to describe eruptions).
• Выплюнуть правду - Means to blurt out the truth; English: "To disgorge the truth" (common in interpersonal or dramatic scenarios).
• Извергать потоки - Refers to discharging streams; English: "To disgorge streams" (often metaphorical for overwhelming flows, like information).

Usage Notes:

Russian translations of 'disgorge' emphasize aspect: use 'извергать' for ongoing processes (e.g., a river continuously discharging) and 'выплюнуть' for sudden, completed actions. In formal writing, 'извергать' aligns closely with English's literal sense, while 'выплюнуть' is more colloquial and fits figurative uses. Be cautious of context—'выплюнуть' can sound vulgar if overused. When choosing between translations, consider the subject's scale: natural phenomena suit 'извергать', while personal actions favor 'выплюнуть'.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'извергать' interchangeably with 'выплюнуть' without considering aspect, e.g., saying "Я выплюнул реку" instead of "Я извергал реку". Correct: "Я извергал реку" for ongoing action. Explanation: Russian verbs must match the action's completeness to avoid confusion in tense and meaning.
• Mistake: Mispronouncing 'извергать' by stressing the wrong syllable, leading to incomprehensibility. Correct pronunciation: /ɪzˈvʲɛrɡətʲ/. Explanation: English speakers often overlook Russian stress patterns, which can alter the word's perceived meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian literature, such as in works by Tolstoy or Dostoevsky, verbs like 'извергать' are used metaphorically to depict emotional or psychological turmoil, reflecting the cultural emphasis on introspection and the harshness of nature in Russian history. This adds a layer of dramatic intensity not always present in English equivalents.

Related Concepts:

• проливать (to spill)
• изливаться (to flow out)
• выдавать секреты (to reveal secrets)