Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'discrepancy'

English Word: discrepancy

Key Russian Translations:

• Несоответствие /nʲɪsɐɐtvʲɛtstvʲɪɪje/ - [Formal, Used in written or professional contexts]
• Расхождение /rɐsxɐʐdʲɪnʲɪje/ - [Formal, Informal, Often in scientific or everyday discussions]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing, legal documents, and academic texts, but less frequent in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and formal vocabulary; for 'Расхождение', also B2 due to similar complexity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Несоответствие: /nʲɪsɐɐtvʲɛtstvʲɪɪje/

Note on Несоответствие: The stress falls on the third syllable ('ot'), which can be tricky for English speakers; it starts with a palatalized 'n' sound. Avoid over-emphasizing the final vowels.

Расхождение: /rɐsxɐʐdʲɪnʲɪje/

Note on Расхождение: Stress on the second syllable ('skh'); the 'zh' sound (/ʐ/) is similar to the 's' in 'measure' in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Difference or inconsistency between facts, data, or expectations

Translation(s) & Context:

• Несоответствие - Used in formal contexts like legal reports or scientific analysis to denote a mismatch that needs resolution.
• Расхождение - Applied in both formal and informal settings, such as everyday conversations about data variations or philosophical differences.

Usage Examples:

• В финансовом отчете обнаружено несоответствие между записями и фактическими расходами.

  In the financial report, a discrepancy was found between the records and actual expenses.

• Это расхождение в показаниях свидетелей может повлиять на исход суда.

  This discrepancy in the witnesses' testimonies could affect the court's outcome.

• Несоответствие в данных о температуре вызвало споры среди ученых.

  The discrepancy in temperature data sparked debates among scientists.

• В повседневной жизни мелкие расхождения во мнениях не всегда приводят к конфликтам.

  In everyday life, minor discrepancies in opinions don't always lead to conflicts.

• Анализ выявил несоответствие между планируемыми и реальными результатами проекта.

  The analysis revealed a discrepancy between the planned and actual project results.

Potential contradiction or paradox

Translation(s) & Context:

• Расхождение - Used when implying a broader conceptual mismatch, such as in philosophy or literature.

Usage Examples:

• Расхождение между теорией и практикой часто встречается в научных исследованиях.

  A discrepancy between theory and practice is often encountered in scientific research.

• Это расхождение в исторических фактах требует дополнительного изучения.

  This discrepancy in historical facts requires further study.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'Несоответствие' and 'Расхождение' are neuter nouns in Russian, belonging to the third declension. They follow regular patterns for most cases but can have irregularities in plural forms. Below is a table for 'Несоответствие' as an example; 'Расхождение' follows a similar structure.

For 'Расхождение', the forms are similar: e.g., Nominative Singular: Расхождение; Genitive Plural: Расхождений. These nouns do not change in gender but must agree in case with other words in the sentence.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Противоречие (slight difference: implies conflict)
  • Разница (more general: used for numerical or simple differences)
• Antonyms:
  • Сходство (indicates similarity, often used in comparisons)
  • Согласие (implies agreement or harmony)

Related Phrases:

• Устранить несоответствие - To eliminate the discrepancy (Used in problem-solving contexts, e.g., in audits or investigations)
• Выявить расхождение - To identify the discrepancy (Common in analytical or research settings)
• Несоответствие фактов - Inconsistency of facts (A phrase for legal or journalistic discussions)

Usage Notes:

'Несоответствие' is the most direct translation for 'discrepancy' in formal English contexts, such as business or law, and is preferred for written communication. 'Расхождение' can be used more flexibly in spoken language but carries a connotation of divergence over time. Always consider the context: use 'Несоответствие' for static mismatches and 'Расхождение' for dynamic or evolving differences. Grammatically, these nouns require case agreement, so pair them carefully with verbs and prepositions (e.g., 'в несоответствии с' means 'in discrepancy with'). For English learners, choose based on formality—'Расхождение' might be more approachable for intermediate users.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'Несоответствие' with 'Ошибка' (error): Learners might say 'Это ошибка' when meaning 'discrepancy', but 'Ошибка' implies a mistake, not just an inconsistency. Correct usage: Use 'Несоответствие' for factual mismatches, e.g., Incorrect: 'Это ошибка в данных.' (This is an error in the data.) Correct: 'Это несоответствие в данных.' (This is a discrepancy in the data.) Explanation: 'Ошибка' suggests fault, while 'Несоответствие' is neutral.

• Overlooking case changes: Beginners often forget to decline the noun, e.g., Incorrect: 'Из-за несоответствие' (wrong genitive). Correct: 'Из-за несоответствия'. Explanation: Always adjust for case to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'Несоответствие' are frequently used in bureaucratic and scientific contexts due to Russia's emphasis on precision in documentation and research. This reflects a historical legacy from Soviet-era emphasis on data accuracy, where discrepancies could have significant implications in fields like engineering or governance.

Related Concepts:

• Конфликт
• Разница
• Противоречие