Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'deprivation'

English Word: deprivation

Key Russian Translations:

• Лишение /lʲɪˈʂenʲɪje/ - [Formal, used in legal or official contexts]
• Ограничение /ɐɡrənʲɪˈtɕenʲɪje/ - [Formal, often implying restriction rather than total loss]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in legal, psychological, and social discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and abstract concepts, suitable for upper-intermediate learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Лишение: /lʲɪˈʂenʲɪje/

Ограничение: /ɐɡrənʲɪˈtɕenʲɪje/

Note on Лишение: The 'ш' sound (/ʂ/) can be challenging for English speakers, as it's a voiceless retroflex fricative; practice with native audio to distinguish it from 'sh' in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The state of being deprived of something (e.g., resources, rights, or necessities)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Лишение - Used in formal contexts like psychology or law, to describe a prolonged lack, e.g., in discussions of human rights or poverty.
• Ограничение - Applied when the deprivation is more about imposed limits, such as in regulations or personal constraints.

Usage Examples:

• В результате экономического кризиса многие семьи столкнулись с лишением базовых нужд, таких как еда и жильё.

  In the wake of the economic crisis, many families faced the deprivation of basic needs, such as food and housing.

• Длительное лишение сна может привести к серьёзным проблемам со здоровьем.

  Prolonged sleep deprivation can lead to serious health problems.

• Ограничение доступа к информации является формой лишения гражданских прав.

  Limiting access to information is a form of deprivation of civil rights.

• В детстве он пережил лишение эмоциональной поддержки, что повлияло на его взрослую жизнь.

  In childhood, he experienced emotional deprivation, which affected his adult life.

The act of depriving someone of something (e.g., intentionally withholding)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Лишение - Often used in legal or punitive contexts, such as deprivation of parental rights.
• Ограничение - More neutral, for situations involving controlled withholding, like in therapy or education.

Usage Examples:

• Суд приговорил его к лишению водительских прав на год.

  The court sentenced him to the deprivation of driving privileges for a year.

• Ограничение свободы передвижения было введено во время карантина.

  Deprivation of freedom of movement was imposed during the quarantine.

• Родители иногда используют лишение карманных денег как наказание за плохое поведение.

  Parents sometimes use deprivation of pocket money as a punishment for bad behavior.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. "Лишение" is a neuter noun of the 2nd declension, which follows regular patterns. "Ограничение" is also neuter and follows similar rules. Below is a declension table for "Лишение" as an example; "Ограничение" follows a comparable pattern with slight variations in some cases.

Note: These nouns do not change in gender but inflect regularly by case and number. For "Ограничение," the plural forms are similar but may vary slightly in pronunciation due to its root.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Недостаток (nedostatok) - Implies a general lack, often less formal.
  • Отсутствие (otsutstvie) - Focuses on absence, with subtle differences in implying permanence.
• Antonyms:
  • Изобилие (izobiliye) - Abundance.
  • Обеспечение (obespecheniye) - Provision or supply.

Related Phrases:

• Лишение родительских прав - Deprivation of parental rights; used in family law contexts.
• Социальное ограничение - Social deprivation; refers to societal inequalities.
• Эмоциональное лишение - Emotional deprivation; common in psychological discussions, implying a lack of affection.

Usage Notes:

• While "deprivation" in English often carries a sense of injustice or harm, its Russian equivalents like "Лишение" are more neutral and context-dependent, frequently appearing in legal or formal writing. Choose "Лишение" for total removal and "Ограничение" for partial restrictions.
• Be mindful of grammatical gender and case: both are neuter nouns, so they must agree with adjectives and verbs accordingly (e.g., "это лишение" for "this deprivation").
• In conversational Russian, these words are rare; opt for simpler synonyms like "недостаток" in everyday speech.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "Лишение" with "Лишний" (meaning "extra" or "superfluous"), leading to misuse in sentences. Incorrect: "Лишний прав" (wrong form). Correct: "Лишение прав" (deprivation of rights). Explanation: "Лишний" is an adjective, not related; ensure the root word matches the intended meaning.
• Error: Forgetting declension in sentences, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: "Из-за лишение" (wrong case). Correct: "Из-за лишения" (genitive case). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like "Лишение" often tie to historical contexts such as the Soviet era's deprivations of personal freedoms or resources. This can evoke strong emotional connotations in modern discussions, emphasizing resilience or social inequality, which differs from more clinical English usage.

Related Concepts:

• Недостаток
• Отсутствие
• Изоляция