Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'deliberate'

English Word: deliberate

Key Russian Translations:

• преднамеренный [prʲɪdnɐˈmʲerʲɪnnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• умышленный [ʊˈmɨʂlʲɪnnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• обдуманный [ɐbˈdumɐnnɨj] - [Neutral, Adjective, Often for actions or decisions]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate) for all translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

преднамеренный: [prʲɪdnɐˈmʲerʲɪnnɨj]

Note on преднамеренный: Stress falls on the third syllable. The 'р' sound is rolled slightly.

умышленный: [ʊˈmɨʂlʲɪnnɨj]

Note on умышленный: Stress on the second syllable. The 'ы' sound is a distinct Russian vowel, not found in English.

обдуманный: [ɐbˈdumɐnnɨj]

Note on обдуманный: Stress on the second syllable. Pronounce 'о' as a reduced 'a' sound in unstressed positions.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Intentional (done on purpose)

Translation(s) & Context:

• преднамеренный - Often used in legal or formal contexts to describe intentional actions with forethought.
• умышленный - Commonly used for intentional acts, especially with negative connotations (e.g., crimes).

Usage Examples:

• Это был преднамеренный поступок, чтобы навредить компании.

  This was a deliberate act to harm the company.

• Его умышленное нарушение закона привело к аресту.

  His deliberate violation of the law led to his arrest.

• Она сделала это преднамеренно, чтобы привлечь внимание.

  She did it deliberately to attract attention.

2. Carefully considered (thoughtful)

Translation(s) & Context:

• обдуманный - Refers to actions or decisions made after careful thought, often neutral or positive in tone.

Usage Examples:

• Это было обдуманное решение после долгих размышлений.

  It was a deliberate decision after much thought.

• Его обдуманный подход к проблеме впечатлил всех.

  His deliberate approach to the problem impressed everyone.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

преднамеренный (Adjective): Declines according to standard Russian adjective rules based on gender, number, and case.

Note: Similar declension patterns apply to умышленный and обдуманный.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for преднамеренный/умышленный:

• намеренный
• сознательный

Note: 'намеренный' is slightly less formal than 'преднамеренный', while 'сознательный' often implies awareness.

Antonyms for преднамеренный/умышленный:

• случайный
• непреднамеренный

Related Phrases:

• преднамеренное убийство - Deliberate murder (legal term for premeditated murder).
• умышленное преступление - Deliberate crime (intentional offense).
• обдуманный шаг - Deliberate step (a carefully considered action).

Usage Notes:

• 'преднамеренный' is more formal and often used in legal or official contexts, while 'умышленный' can carry a stronger negative connotation.
• 'обдуманный' is the best choice when referring to thoughtful or calculated decisions rather than malicious intent.
• Be mindful of adjective agreement in Russian; the ending changes based on the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'обдуманный' in a legal context to mean intentional harm. Wrong: "обдуманное убийство". Correct: "преднамеренное убийство" (deliberate murder).
• Error: Failing to adjust adjective endings for gender or case. Wrong: "преднамеренный ошибка". Correct: "преднамеренная ошибка" (deliberate mistake, feminine noun).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian legal terminology, 'преднамеренный' and 'умышленный' are frequently used in discussions of intent, such as in criminal law. Understanding the nuance between these terms can be critical when interpreting legal texts or engaging in formal discussions.

Related Concepts:

• намерение (intention)
• сознательность (awareness)
• случайность (accident)