Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'deformity'

English Word: deformity

Key Russian Translations:

• деформация (/dʲɪfɐrˈmaʦɨjə/) - [Formal, Scientific contexts]
• уродство (/ʊˈrɔtstva/) - [Informal, Literary, or Emotional contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, scientific, and everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and contextual nuances; "деформация" is more straightforward, while "уродство" may involve emotional connotations).

Pronunciation (Russian):

деформация: /dʲɪfɐrˈmaʦɨjə/

уродство: /ʊˈrɔtstva/

Note on деформация: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ma"), and the initial "д" is palatalized, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Note on уродство: The "у" is pronounced as a short "oo" sound, and the word has a strong emphasis on the first syllable; be cautious with the "р" which is rolled in standard Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Physical abnormality or malformation (e.g., in medical or biological contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• деформация - Used in formal settings like medicine or science, to describe structural changes in the body or objects.
• уродство - Less common here, but can imply a more severe or emotional judgment in informal speech.

Usage Examples:

• У него врожденная деформация стопы, что требует хирургического вмешательства.

  He has a congenital deformity of the foot, which requires surgical intervention.

• Деформация костей может быть вызвана генетическими факторами или травмами.

  Deformity of the bones can be caused by genetic factors or injuries.

• В результате аварии произошла деформация металла, сделав его непригодным для использования.

  As a result of the accident, there was a deformity in the metal, making it unfit for use.

• Если не лечить деformation, она может привести к хроническим болям.

  If the deformity is not treated, it can lead to chronic pain.

Meaning 2: Moral or aesthetic flaw (e.g., in metaphorical or literary contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• уродство - Often used metaphorically for moral defects, in literature or emotional discussions; less formal than деформация.
• деформация - Rarely used here, but could apply in abstract senses like "deformation of character."

Usage Examples:

• Его уродство характера проявлялось в эгоистичном поведении.

  His deformity of character was evident in his selfish behavior.

• В романе автор описывает уродство общества как результат коррупции.

  In the novel, the author describes the deformity of society as a result of corruption.

• Уродство этой идеи становится очевидным при ближайшем рассмотрении.

  The deformity of this idea becomes obvious upon closer examination.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "деформация" and "уродство" are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard feminine declension patterns. "Деформация" is a borrowed word and inflects regularly, while "уродство" is a native word with typical Slavic inflections.

Note: These words do not change for gender but follow regular patterns; no irregular inflections.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • искажение (iskazheniye) - Distortion; similar to деформация but often used for abstract twists.
  • аномалия (anomalia) - Anomaly; more neutral and scientific, with subtle differences in connotation.
• Antonyms:
  • нормальность (normalnost) - Normality; directly opposite in medical contexts.
  • идеальность (idealnost) - Ideality; used for aesthetic or moral perfection.

Related Phrases:

• Врожденная деформация - Innate or congenital deformity; used in medical discussions.
• Моральное уродство - Moral deformity; common in literary or philosophical contexts to describe ethical flaws.
• Деформация личности - Deformation of personality; refers to psychological or character changes.

Usage Notes:

"Deformity" in English often corresponds to "деформация" in formal Russian contexts, such as medicine or engineering, where precision is key. However, "уродство" is better for emotional or metaphorical uses, as it carries a stronger negative connotation and is less clinical. Be mindful of context: in everyday speech, "уродство" might sound harsh or judgmental, so it's typically avoided in professional settings. When choosing between translations, opt for "деформация" for physical descriptions and "уродство" for abstract ones. Grammatically, both nouns require agreement in gender, number, and case with accompanying words.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "деформация" interchangeably with "уродство" without considering tone. For example, an English learner might say "Его уродство лица" when describing a medical condition, which sounds overly dramatic. Correct: Use "деформация лица" for a neutral description.

• Error: Incorrect inflection, such as saying "deformacia" (without proper case) in a sentence like "Я видел деформacia" instead of "Я видел деформацию". Explanation: Russian requires nouns to inflect based on case; always check the context to apply the right form.

• Error: Overusing "уродство" in formal writing, which can come across as unprofessional. Correct: Stick to "деформация" in academic or medical texts for accuracy and neutrality.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "уродство" often appear in literature (e.g., in works by Dostoevsky) to symbolize deeper moral or societal flaws, reflecting historical themes of human suffering and imperfection. This usage stems from Russia's literary tradition, where physical deformities are metaphorically linked to spiritual or ethical issues, helping to convey the complexity of the human condition.

Related Concepts:

• аномалия
• патология
• искажение