Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Defiance'

English Word: defiance

Key Russian Translations:

• неповиновение [nʲɪpəvʲɪnəˈvʲenʲɪjə] - [Neutral, Formal]
• вызов [ˈvɨzəf] - [Neutral, Often used metaphorically for challenge or defiance]
• сопротивление [səprʲɪtʲɪvˈlʲenʲɪjə] - [Neutral, Often used in context of resistance]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

неповиновение: [nʲɪpəvʲɪnəˈvʲenʲɪjə]

Note on неповиновение: Stress falls on the fourth syllable. The "е" sounds like "ye" in "yes."

вызов: [ˈvɨzəf]

Note on вызов: Stress on the first syllable. The "ы" is a unique Russian vowel, pronounced as a short, unrounded "i."

сопротивление: [səprʲɪtʲɪvˈlʲenʲɪjə]

Note on сопротивление: Stress on the fourth syllable. Pay attention to the soft "л" sound before "е."

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Open resistance or disobedience

Translation(s) & Context:

• неповиновение - Used for deliberate disobedience, often in formal or legal contexts.
• сопротивление - Used when implying active resistance against authority or force.

Usage Examples:

• Его неповиновение властям привело к аресту.

  His defiance of the authorities led to his arrest.

• Сопротивление солдат было сломлено после долгих боёв.

  The soldiers' defiance was broken after long battles.

• Она проявила неповиновение, отказавшись выполнять приказ.

  She showed defiance by refusing to follow the order.

2. A challenge or bold opposition

Translation(s) & Context:

• вызов - Often used metaphorically to express a bold challenge or defiance against norms or expectations.

Usage Examples:

• Её поступок был вызовом общественным нормам.

  Her action was a defiance of societal norms.

• Он бросил вызов судьбе, решив идти своим путём.

  He defied fate by choosing his own path.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

неповиновение (Noun, Neuter): Follows standard neuter noun declension in Russian.

Case	Singular
Nominative	неповиновение
Genitive	неповиновения
Dative	неповиновению
Accusative	неповиновение
Instrumental	неповиновением
Prepositional	о неповиновении

вызов (Noun, Masculine): Follows standard masculine noun declension.

Case	Singular
Nominative	вызов
Genitive	вызова
Dative	вызову
Accusative	вызов
Instrumental	вызовом
Prepositional	о вызове

сопротивление (Noun, Neuter): Follows standard neuter noun declension (similar to неповиновение).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for неповиновение:

• непослушание
• мятеж

Note: "непослушание" is more informal, often used for personal disobedience, while "мятеж" implies rebellion or revolt.

Synonyms for вызов:

• провокация
• дерзость

Antonyms for неповиновение/сопротивление:

• повиновение
• покорность

Related Phrases:

• бросить вызов - To throw down a challenge (defy someone or something).
• оказать сопротивление - To offer resistance (often in a physical or active sense).
• акт неповиновения - An act of defiance (often in formal or legal contexts).

Usage Notes:

• "неповиновение" is typically used in formal contexts or when referring to disobedience against authority or rules.
• "вызов" carries a metaphorical sense of challenging norms, fate, or expectations, and is less about physical resistance.
• "сопротивление" often implies active or physical resistance, such as in conflicts or struggles.
• Choose the translation based on the specific context of defiance: legal/formal (неповиновение), metaphorical (вызов), or active resistance (сопротивление).

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using "вызов" when referring to disobedience against authority. "Вызов" is more about a challenge than direct disobedience.

Incorrect: Его вызов учителю был наказан. (Intended: His defiance of the teacher was punished.)

Correct: Его неповиновение учителю было наказано.

Error 2: Confusing "сопротивление" with passive defiance. It implies active opposition.

Incorrect: Она показала сопротивление, просто игнорируя правила. (Intended: She showed defiance by ignoring the rules.)

Correct: Она показала неповиновение, просто игнорируя правила.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, defiance (especially "неповиновение" or "сопротивление") can carry strong historical connotations, often linked to resistance against oppressive regimes or authority during Soviet times. The concept of "вызов" as a personal or societal challenge is also celebrated in literature and art as a symbol of individualism.

Related Concepts:

• мятеж (rebellion)
• протест (protest)
• дерзость (audacity)