Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'defeasible'

English Word: defeasible

Key Russian Translations:

• оспоримый /ɐˈsporʲɪmɨj/ - [Formal, Legal Context]
• отменяемый /ɐtˈmʲenʲæmɨj/ - [Formal, Often in Contracts]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in legal and academic contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced) - Requires familiarity with legal terminology; for 'оспоримый', it's C1; for 'отменяемый', it's also C1 due to its specialized usage.

Pronunciation (Russian):

оспоримый: /ɐˈsporʲɪmɨj/

отменяемый: /ɐtˈmʲenʲæmɨj/

Note on оспоримый: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'р' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Note on отменяемый: Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech; the 'мʲ' indicates a palatalized 'm'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Capable of being annulled or declared void, especially in legal contexts (e.g., a defeasible right or title).

Translation(s) & Context:

• оспоримый - Used in formal legal discussions, such as challenging contracts or rights in court.
• отменяемый - Applied to agreements or decisions that can be revoked under certain conditions.

Usage Examples:

• Оспоримый контракт может быть аннулирован, если обнаружены нарушения. (This defeasible contract can be annulled if violations are found.)

  Translation: A defeasible contract can be annulled if violations are found.

• В случае мошенничества право собственности становится отменяемым. (In the case of fraud, the property right becomes defeasible.)

  Translation: In the case of fraud, the property right becomes defeasible.

• Суд признал наследство оспоримым из-за спорных документов. (The court declared the inheritance defeasible due to disputed documents.)

  Translation: The court declared the inheritance defeasible due to disputed documents.

• Отменяемый декрет президента утрачивает силу по истечении срока. (The defeasible presidential decree loses its force upon expiration.)

  Translation: The defeasible presidential decree loses its force upon expiration.

• Если условия не соблюдены, оспоримый договор становится недействительным. (If conditions are not met, the defeasible agreement becomes invalid.)

  Translation: If conditions are not met, the defeasible agreement becomes invalid.

Meaning 2: Subject to being defeated or overturned by certain events or conditions.

Translation(s) & Context:

• оспоримый - In broader contexts, like philosophical or ethical debates, to indicate something that can be challenged.
• отменяемый - Less common here, but used for revocable permissions or rights.

Usage Examples:

• Оспоримый аргумент в дискуссии может быть опровергнут новыми данными. (A defeasible argument in a discussion can be refuted by new data.)

  Translation: A defeasible argument in a discussion can be refuted by new data.

• Отменяемый статус гражданства зависит от соблюдения законов. (The defeasible status of citizenship depends on compliance with laws.)

  Translation: The defeasible status of citizenship depends on compliance with laws.

• В философии оспоримые истины часто пересматриваются. (In philosophy, defeasible truths are often revised.)

  Translation: In philosophy, defeasible truths are often revised.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'оспоримый' and 'отменяемый' are adjectives in Russian, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern for most cases, but they can be irregular in certain forms.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular inflections but must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • спорный (spurny) - Similar to 'contestable', but often implies ongoing debate.
  • сомнительный (somnitel'nyy) - Means 'doubtful', with a nuance of uncertainty.
• Antonyms:
  • неоспоримый (neosporimy) - Means 'indisputable' or 'irrefutable'.
  • неотменяемый (neotmenyaemyy) - Means 'irrevocable' or 'non-defeasible'.

Related Phrases:

• Оспоримый контракт (Oosporimy kontrakt) - A contestable contract; refers to an agreement that can be challenged in court.
• Отменяемый декрет (Otmenyaemyy dekre) - A defeasible decree; used for executive orders that expire or can be revoked.
• Оспоримое право (Oosporimoe pravo) - Defeasible right; a legal right that is not absolute.

Usage Notes:

Both 'оспоримый' and 'отменяемый' directly correspond to 'defeasible' in legal English, but 'оспоримый' is more precise for contexts involving challenges or disputes, while 'отменяемый' emphasizes revocability. Use 'оспоримый' in formal legal writing or courtroom settings, and be mindful of adjective agreement with nouns. For English learners, choose 'оспоримый' when the focus is on contestability rather than simple revocation.

• In spoken Russian, these words are rare outside professional contexts, so practice in simulated legal scenarios.
• Grammar note: Always ensure the adjective inflects correctly to match the noun's case, e.g., 'оспоримого права' in genitive case.

Common Errors:

One common mistake is confusing 'оспоримый' with 'спорный', thinking they are interchangeable. For example, learners might say "спорный контракт" when meaning a legally defeasible one, but 'спорный' implies it's debatable, not necessarily annullable. Correct usage: Use 'оспоримый' for legal contexts. Error example: "Спорный право" (incorrect inflection); Correct: "Оспоримое право". Another error is forgetting to inflect the adjective, e.g., saying "оспоримый права" instead of "оспоримого права".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian legal culture, concepts like 'defeasible' rights stem from civil law traditions influenced by Roman law, similar to many European systems. Words like 'оспоримый' often appear in contexts involving property disputes or constitutional challenges, reflecting Russia's history of bureaucratic and judicial reforms.

Related Concepts:

• договор (dogovor) - Contract
• право (pravo) - Right
• аннулирование (annulirovanie) - Annulment