Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'daltonism'

English Word: daltonism

Key Russian Translations:

• дальтонизм [dɐlʲˈtonʲɪzm] - [Formal, Medical term]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in medical, scientific, or specialized contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B2) - As a borrowed term, it requires familiarity with Russian phonetics and medical vocabulary, but it's straightforward for learners at this level.

Pronunciation (Russian):

дальтонизм: [dɐlʲˈtonʲɪzm]

Note on дальтонизм: The stress falls on the third syllable ("to-"), which is a common feature in Russian borrowed words. Pay attention to the soft 'л' sound, represented by ʲ, which can be challenging for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A condition characterized by the inability to distinguish certain colors, often due to genetic factors.

Translation(s) & Context:

• дальтонизм - Used in formal medical discussions, scientific literature, or when describing visual impairments; typically in professional settings.

Usage Examples:

• Он страдает дальтонизмом с детства, что делает вождение автомобиля опасным.

  He has suffered from daltonism since childhood, which makes driving a car dangerous.

• Врачи диагностировали у него дальтонизм после стандартного теста на цветовое восприятие.

  Doctors diagnosed him with daltonism after a standard test for color perception.

• Дальтонизм часто передается по наследству, особенно в семьях с генетической предрасположенностью.

  Daltonism is often inherited, especially in families with a genetic predisposition.

• Из-за дальтонизма она не может различать красный и зеленый цвета в повседневной жизни.

  Because of daltonism, she cannot distinguish between red and green colors in everyday life.

• Специалисты по офтальмологии изучают дальтонизм как форму цветовой слепоты.

  Ophthalmology specialists study daltonism as a form of color blindness.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Дальтонизм" is a masculine noun (from the first declension in Russian). It follows standard noun inflection patterns for Russian, with changes based on case and number. As a borrowed term, it is invariable in plural forms in most contexts but can inflect regularly in singular.

Note: The plural forms are not commonly used, as "дальтонизм" typically refers to the condition in general. It is an inanimate noun, so accusative equals nominative.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • цветовая слепота (tsvetovaya slepota) - A more descriptive term, often used interchangeably in everyday language, emphasizing the blindness to colors.
  • ахроматопсия (ahromatopsiya) - A specific type of color blindness, used in advanced medical contexts.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as this is a medical condition. However, related concepts might include "нормальное зрение" (normal vision), but no direct antonym exists.

Related Phrases:

• Тест на дальтонизм (Test na daltonizm) - A standard eye exam to detect color blindness; used in medical diagnostics.
• Наследственный дальтонизм (Nasledstvennyy daltonizm) - Inherited form of daltonism; refers to genetic cases.
• Приобретенный дальтонизм (Pribyoretennyy daltonizm) - Acquired daltonism; indicates cases due to injury or disease, with a brief explanation of the difference from hereditary forms.

Usage Notes:

"Дальтонизм" directly corresponds to the English term "daltonism," which is named after John Dalton, the scientist who described it. It is a formal, technical word primarily used in medical and scientific contexts, so avoid it in casual conversations where "цветовая слепота" might be more appropriate. Be mindful of case inflections when constructing sentences, as Russian requires agreement with other parts of speech. When choosing between translations, use "дальтонизм" for precision in professional settings and "цветовая слепота" for general discussions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "дальтонизм" with "слепота" (slepota, meaning general blindness), leading to incorrect usage like "Он имеет слепоту к цветам" instead of "Он имеет дальтонизм."

  Correct: "Он страдает дальтонизмом." Explanation: "Слепота" implies total vision loss, while "дальтонизм" specifically means color vision deficiency. This mistake can misrepresent the condition.

• Error: Forgetting to inflect the noun, e.g., saying "Я изучаю дальтонизм" in a context requiring genitive, like "Я изучаю причины дальтонизма" (but incorrectly as "причины дальтонизм").

  Correct: "Я изучаю причины дальтонизма." Explanation: Russian nouns must change based on case; always check the sentence structure to apply the right form.

Cultural Notes:

The term "дальтонизм" is derived from John Dalton, an English scientist who first documented his own color blindness in 1794. In Russian culture, it is not associated with specific folklore or stigma, but it highlights the influence of Western science on Russian medical terminology. Awareness of color blindness is growing in Russia, especially in fields like design and transportation safety.

Related Concepts:

• слепота (slepota)
• ахроматопсия (ahromatopsiya)
• офтальмология (oftalmologiya)