Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'deduction'

English Word: deduction

Key Russian Translations:

• вычет [ˈvɨtɕɪt] - [Formal, Often used in financial or tax contexts]
• дедукция [dʲɪˈdukt͡sɨjə] - [Formal, Used in logical or reasoning contexts]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "вычет"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "дедукция"

Pronunciation (Russian):

вычет: [ˈvɨtɕɪt]

Note on вычет: The stress is on the first syllable. The "ч" sound is a soft affricate, similar to 'ch' in "church".

дедукция: [dʲɪˈdukt͡sɨjə]

Note on дедукция: The stress is on the second syllable. The "д" is palatalized, sounding softer than in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Deduction as in "subtraction or reduction" (e.g., tax deduction)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вычет - Used in formal and financial contexts, such as tax deductions or allowances.

Usage Examples:

• Налоговый вычет можно получить при покупке жилья.

  A tax deduction can be obtained when purchasing a home.

• Этот вычет уменьшит вашу налогооблагаемую базу.

  This deduction will reduce your taxable base.

• Вычет на детей предоставляется ежегодно.

  A deduction for children is provided annually.

2. Deduction as in "logical reasoning" (e.g., making a conclusion)

Translation(s) & Context:

• дедукция - Used in academic, philosophical, or logical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Шерлок Холмс использовал дедукцию для раскрытия преступлений.

  Sherlock Holmes used deduction to solve crimes.

• Дедукция помогает делать выводы на основе общих правил.

  Deduction helps draw conclusions based on general rules.

• Метод дедукции часто используется в математике.

  The method of deduction is often used in mathematics.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

вычет (Noun, Masculine, Inanimate):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	вычет	вычеты
Genitive	вычета	вычетов
Dative	вычету	вычетам
Accusative	вычет	вычеты
Instrumental	вычетом	вычетами
Prepositional	о вычете	о вычетах

дедукция (Noun, Feminine, Inanimate):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	дедукция	дедукции
Genitive	дедукции	дедукций
Dative	дедукции	дедукциям
Accusative	дедукцию	дедукции
Instrumental	дедукцией	дедукциями
Prepositional	о дедукции	о дедукциях

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for вычет:

• скидка (discount, often less formal)
• льгота (benefit or allowance, context-dependent)

Synonyms for дедукция:

• умозаключение (inference, broader term)

Antonyms for вычет:

• надбавка (surcharge or addition)

Antonyms for дедукция:

• индукция (induction, opposite logical method)

Related Phrases:

• налоговый вычет - Tax deduction, commonly used in financial contexts.
• социальный вычет - Social deduction, refers to deductions for social benefits like education or healthcare.
• метод дедукции - Method of deduction, used in academic or logical discussions.

Usage Notes:

• "вычет" is primarily used in formal and financial contexts. It does not carry the meaning of logical reasoning.
• "дедукция" is a more specialized term, almost exclusively used for logical or analytical reasoning. It is not interchangeable with "вычет".
• Choose the appropriate Russian term based on the context of "deduction" in English. Mixing them up can lead to misunderstandings.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "дедукция" in financial contexts. Incorrect: "Я получил дедукцию на налоги." (I received a deduction on taxes.)
  Correct: "Я получил вычет на налоги." (I received a deduction on taxes.)
  Explanation: "дедукция" refers to logical reasoning, not financial reductions.
• Error: Using "вычет" for logical reasoning. Incorrect: "Его вычет был безупречен." (His deduction was flawless.)
  Correct: "Его дедукция была безупречна." (His deduction was flawless.)
  Explanation: "вычет" is unrelated to reasoning or logic.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "вычет" is often discussed in the context of tax benefits and social welfare, reflecting the importance of state-provided deductions in everyday financial planning. Meanwhile, "дедукция" is associated with intellectual discussions, often linked to famous literary characters like Sherlock Holmes, who is a cultural icon in Russia for his logical prowess.

Related Concepts:

• налог (tax)
• льгота (benefit/allowance)
• индукция (induction)
• логика (logic)