Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'crowded'

English Word: crowded

Key Russian Translations:

• Переполненный [pʲɪrʲɪˈpolnənɨj] - [Adjective, Formal]
• Набитый [nɐˈbʲitɨj] - [Adjective, Informal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday descriptions of spaces like public transport or events)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective declensions, but basic forms are straightforward for learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Переполненный: [pʲɪrʲɪˈpolnənɨj]

Note on Переполненный: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the soft 'р' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may soften the vowels.

Набитый: [nɐˈbʲitɨj]

Note on Набитый: The 'б' is pronounced as a soft 'b' with a slight palatalization; this word is often used in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Full of people or things, making movement or access difficult (e.g., a crowded room or street)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Переполненный - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as describing public spaces or events in writing or speech.
• Набитый - Applied in informal, everyday situations, like talking about a packed vehicle or market.

Usage Examples:

• В метро в час пик всегда переполненный вагон, где люди еле дышат.

  In the subway during rush hour, the carriage is always crowded, where people can barely breathe.

• Этот рынок набитый товарами, но толпа делает покупки сложными.

  This market is crowded with goods, but the crowd makes shopping difficult.

• Концерт был переполненный, и нам пришлось стоять у выхода.

  The concert was crowded, and we had to stand near the exit.

• Пляж летом становится набитый туристами из разных стран.

  The beach becomes crowded with tourists from different countries in the summer.

• Улицы города переполненные машинами во время пробок.

  The city's streets are crowded with cars during traffic jams.

Meaning 2: Figuratively crowded, implying an overwhelming amount (e.g., a crowded schedule)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Переполненный - Often used metaphorically in professional or academic contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Её график переполненный встречами, так что свободного времени нет.

  Her schedule is crowded with meetings, so there's no free time.

• Мой ум переполненный идеями после конференции.

  My mind is crowded with ideas after the conference.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "Переполненный" and "Набитый" are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. Russian adjectives follow regular patterns for most cases, but learners should note the full declension.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular forms, making them relatively straightforward, but always agree with the noun they modify.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Заполненный (zəˈpolnənɨj) - Similar to "crowded" but implies fullness without chaos; often used for containers.
  • Тесный (ˈtʲesnɨj) - Emphasizes tightness or lack of space, with a connotation of discomfort.
• Antonyms:
  • Пустой (ˈpustɨj) - Empty, directly opposite in meaning.
  • Просторный (prɐˈstornɨj) - Spacious, implying ample room.

Related Phrases:

• Переполненный автобус - A crowded bus; used to describe public transport during peak times.
• Набитый рюкзак - A crowded backpack; refers to something packed full, often in casual contexts.
• Переполненный зал - A crowded hall; common in event descriptions, with an implication of high attendance.

Usage Notes:

"Переполненный" is the more precise and formal equivalent of "crowded" for English speakers, especially when describing physical spaces, while "набитый" is better for informal, everyday use. Be mindful of context: in Russian, adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they describe. For example, choose "переполненный" over "набитый" in written or professional settings to avoid sounding too casual. If the English "crowded" is metaphorical (e.g., a crowded mind), "переполненный" works well, but ensure the sentence structure aligns with Russian grammar.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "переполненный" without proper declension, e.g., saying "переполненный вагон" when the context requires genitive case like "в переполненном вагоне". Correct: Always decline the adjective to match the noun's case. Explanation: Russian requires agreement, which English speakers often overlook, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing "набитый" with "переполненный" in formal contexts, e.g., using "набитый зал" in a business report. Correct: Opt for "переполненный зал" for formality. Explanation: "Набитый" can sound colloquial or even vulgar in some contexts, so it's not interchangeable in all situations.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "переполненный" often evoke images of urban life in cities like Moscow, where overcrowding in public transport is common. This can reflect broader themes of density in Russian society, historically influenced by Soviet-era planning, helping users understand the practical and emotional weight of the word in everyday conversations.

Related Concepts:

• Толпа (crowd)
• Скученность (congestion)
• Наплыв (influx)