Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Crash'

English Word: Crash

Key Russian Translations:

• авария [ɐˈvarʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often used for accidents]
• крушение [krʊˈʂɛnʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often used for major disasters or crashes]
• столкновение [stɐlkˈnovʲɪnʲɪjə] - [Neutral, Often used for collisions]
• сбой [ˈsboj] - [Neutral, Often used for system or technical crashes]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "авария" and "сбой" are more common)

Difficulty: A2-B1 (Beginner-Intermediate; "авария" is easier to learn, while "крушение" may require more context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

авария: [ɐˈvarʲɪjə]

Note on авария: Stress falls on the second syllable. The "р" is rolled slightly.

крушение: [krʊˈʂɛnʲɪjə]

Note on крушение: The "ш" sound is a soft hissing sound, and stress is on the second syllable.

столкновение: [stɐlkˈnovʲɪnʲɪjə]

сбой: [ˈsboj]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Physical Accident or Collision (e.g., car crash)

Translation(s) & Context:

• авария - Used for vehicle accidents or general mishaps.
• столкновение - Refers specifically to a collision between objects or vehicles.

Usage Examples:

• На дороге произошла серьёзная авария.

  A serious accident occurred on the road.

• Столкновение двух машин вызвало пробку.

  The collision of two cars caused a traffic jam.

• Из-за аварии движение было остановлено.

  Due to the accident, traffic was stopped.

2. Major Disaster or Failure (e.g., plane crash, stock market crash)

Translation(s) & Context:

• крушение - Used for catastrophic events like train or plane crashes, or metaphorical crashes (e.g., dreams).

Usage Examples:

• Крушение самолёта потрясло всех.

  The plane crash shocked everyone.

• Крушение надежд было неизбежно.

  The crash of hopes was inevitable.

3. Technical Failure (e.g., computer crash)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сбой - Refers to a glitch or system failure, often in technology.

Usage Examples:

• Компьютер дал сбой во время работы.

  The computer crashed during work.

• Из-за сбоя системы данные были потеряны.

  Due to a system crash, the data was lost.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

авария (feminine noun): Follows the standard feminine declension in Russian.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	авария	аварии
Genitive	аварии	аварий
Dative	аварии	авариям

крушение (neuter noun): Follows neuter declension patterns.

столкновение (neuter noun): Similar to "крушение," follows neuter declension.

сбой (masculine noun): Follows masculine declension with a soft stem.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for авария:

• несчастный случай
• катастрофа

Note: "катастрофа" implies a larger-scale disaster than "авария."

Antonyms for авария:

• безопасность

Related Phrases:

• дорожная авария - Road accident.
• крушение поезда - Train crash.
• системный сбой - System crash.
• столкновение интересов - Clash of interests (metaphorical).

Usage Notes:

• "авария" is the most general term for an accident and is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as traffic reports.
• "крушение" carries a more dramatic tone and is used for severe disasters or metaphorical failures (e.g., collapse of plans).
• "сбой" is strictly used for technical or system failures, not physical accidents.
• Choosing the right translation depends on context—using "сбой" for a car accident would be incorrect.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "сбой" to describe a physical crash. Incorrect: "На дороге был сбой." Correct: "На дороге была авария." (Explanation: "сбой" is only for technical failures.)
• Error: Confusing "авария" with "крушение." Incorrect: "Крушение на шоссе." Correct: "Авария на шоссе." (Explanation: "крушение" implies a major disaster, not a typical road accident.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the word "крушение" often evokes strong emotional responses due to its association with tragic events like train or plane crashes. It is frequently used in historical or dramatic contexts, such as discussions of major Soviet-era disasters.

Related Concepts:

• катастрофа
• поломка
• неисправность