Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'crapulent'

English Word: crapulent

Key Russian Translations:

• похмельный /pɐxˈmʲelʲnɨj/ - [Informal, often used in contexts of overindulgence in alcohol]
• переевший /pʲɪrʲɪˈɛfʂɨj/ - [Informal, specifically for overeating; less common for general excess]

Frequency: Low (The word 'crapulent' is archaic and rare in English, so its Russian equivalents are not frequently used in everyday conversation, appearing more in literary or medical contexts.)

Difficulty: Advanced (Equivalent to CEFR C1-C2 level, as it involves understanding nuanced vocabulary related to health and excess; 'похмельный' may be B2 for learners familiar with everyday Russian, while 'переевший' could be C1 due to its verbal form and contextual usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

похмельный: /pɐxˈmʲelʲnɨj/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'х' is a guttural sound like in Scottish 'loch'.)

переевший: /pʲɪrʲɪˈɛfʂɨj/ (Stress on the third syllable; note the palatalized 'р' and the soft 'ш' sound.)

Note on похмельный: This word often varies in pronunciation based on regional dialects; in standard Russian, ensure the 'м' is not overly aspirated.

Note on переевший: As a past active participle, it can sound more emphatic in speech; learners should practice the 'й' ending for proper inflection.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Suffering from sickness caused by excessive indulgence in food or drink (the primary meaning of 'crapulent')

Translation(s) & Context:

• похмельный - Used in informal or colloquial contexts, such as describing a hangover after a party; common in everyday Russian speech.
• переевший - Applied in scenarios involving overeating, often with a humorous or critical tone; suitable for narrative or descriptive writing.

Usage Examples:

• После бурной вечеринки он проснулся похмельным и не мог есть целый день.

  After the wild party, he woke up crapulent and couldn't eat all day.

• Она чувствовала себя переевшей после обильного ужина, и голова начала кружиться.

  She felt crapulent after the heavy dinner, and her head started spinning.

• Врач посоветовал ему избегать таких ситуаций, где он становится похмельным от излишеств.

  The doctor advised him to avoid situations where he becomes crapulent from excesses.

• Переевший гость на банкете едва смог встать из-за тошноты.

  The crapulent guest at the banquet could barely stand up due to nausea.

• В старых русских сказках герои часто изображались похмельными после пиров, подчеркивая последствия невоздержанности.

  In old Russian folktales, heroes are often depicted as crapulent after feasts, highlighting the consequences of indulgence.

Meaning 2: Figurative sense of being overwhelmed or debased by excess (less common in English, but possible extension)

Translation(s) & Context:

• похмельный - In metaphorical contexts, e.g., describing emotional or mental exhaustion from overindulgence in activities.

Usage Examples:

• После долгой работы над проектом он ощущал себя похмельным, словно от перегрузки.

  After working long on the project, he felt crapulent, as if from overload.

• Переевший информацией, он решил взять перерыв, чтобы не сойти с ума.

  Overloaded with information, he decided to take a break to avoid feeling crapulent.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'похмельный' and 'переевший' are adjectives/participles that follow Russian inflection patterns. 'Похмельный' is an adjective, while 'переевший' is a past active participle, which can function as an adjective.

For 'похмельный' (adjective, masculine singular nominative):

For 'переевший' (participle, agreeing like an adjective):

Note: These words do not change for tense but must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • хмельной (similar to 'tipsy', but with a focus on alcohol; less formal than похмельный)
  • тошнотворный (more general for nausea-inducing; used when emphasizing disgust)
• Antonyms:
  • трезвый (sober, clear-headed; directly opposes states of excess)
  • свежий (fresh, invigorated; implies no aftereffects of indulgence)

Related Phrases:

• похмельный синдром - A phrase for 'hangover syndrome'; refers to the set of symptoms after excessive drinking.
• переевший до отвала - Meaning 'eaten to excess'; used in humorous contexts to describe overeating at meals.
• хмельной угар - Translates to 'drunken revelry'; a colloquial expression for festive excess leading to crapulent states.

Usage Notes:

'Crapulent' is an archaic English word not commonly used today, so its Russian equivalents like 'похмельный' are more straightforward for everyday scenarios involving hangovers or overindulgence. Choose 'похмельный' for alcohol-related contexts and 'переевший' for food-related ones. Be mindful of formality: these words are informal and may not suit professional settings. Grammatically, ensure agreement with the noun (e.g., 'похмельный мужчина' for a male subject). English learners should note that Russian often pairs these with verbs like 'чувствовать' (to feel) for emotional expression.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'похмельный' interchangeably with 'хмельной' without context, leading to confusion (e.g., saying 'он хмельный' when meaning hangover, not just tipsy).
  Correct: Use 'похмельный' for post-excess state; e.g., "Он был похмельным" instead of "Он был хмельным". Explanation: 'Хмельной' implies current intoxication, while 'похмельный' indicates aftermath.
• Mistake: Incorrect inflection, such as saying 'похмельный' in the wrong case (e.g., 'о похмельном' when genitive is needed but used incorrectly).
  Correct: Adjust to 'о похмельном' for proper genitive; e.g., "Разговор о похмельном состоянии". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'похмельный' are often tied to traditions of feasting and hospitality, such as during holidays like New Year's Eve or weddings, where overindulgence is somewhat normalized in folklore and literature (e.g., in works by Gogol). This reflects a historical acceptance of excess as part of social bonding, contrasting with more restrained attitudes in some Western cultures.

Related Concepts:

• алкогольный
• тошнота
• излишества