Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Charge'

English Word: Charge

Key Russian Translations:

• заряд [ˈzarʲat] - [Noun, Masculine, Used for physical charge, e.g., battery]
• обвинение [ɐbʲvʲɪˈnʲenʲɪjə] - [Noun, Neuter, Used in legal context, e.g., accusation]
• плата [ˈplatə] - [Noun, Feminine, Used for fee or payment]
• заряжать [zɐˈrʲaʐatʲ] - [Verb, Imperfective, Used for charging a device]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context and translation)

Difficulty: заряд - A2 (Beginner-Intermediate); обвинение - B2 (Intermediate); плата - B1 (Intermediate); заряжать - B1 (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

заряд: [ˈzarʲat]

Note on заряд: Stress falls on the first syllable; the 'я' sounds like 'ya'.

обвинение: [ɐbʲvʲɪˈnʲenʲɪjə]

Note on обвинение: Stress on the third syllable; the soft 'н' requires a slight palatalization.

плата: [ˈplatə]

заряжать: [zɐˈrʲaʐatʲ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Physical Charge (e.g., battery, energy)

Translation(s) & Context:

• заряд - Used for battery charge or energy level.

Usage Examples:

• Телефон потерял весь заряд.

  The phone lost all its charge.

• У меня низкий заряд на ноутбуке.

  I have a low charge on my laptop.

• Заряд батареи скоро закончится.

  The battery charge will run out soon.

2. Legal Accusation

Translation(s) & Context:

• обвинение - Used in formal or legal contexts to mean accusation or charge.

Usage Examples:

• Против него выдвинули обвинение в краже.

  A charge of theft was brought against him.

• Обвинение было снято после суда.

  The charge was dropped after the trial.

• Его оправдали по всем обвинениям.

  He was acquitted of all charges.

3. Fee or Payment

Translation(s) & Context:

• плата - Used for monetary charge, fee, or payment.

Usage Examples:

• За вход взимается плата.

  There is a charge for entry.

• Плата за услуги выросла.

  The charge for services has increased.

4. To Charge (e.g., a device)

Translation(s) & Context:

• заряжать - Verb used for charging devices or loading something.

Usage Examples:

• Я забыл зарядить телефон.

  I forgot to charge my phone.

• Нужно заряжать батарею каждую ночь.

  You need to charge the battery every night.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

заряд (Noun, Masculine):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	заряд	заряды
Genitive	заряда	зарядов
Dative	заряду	зарядам
Accusative	заряд	заряды
Instrumental	зарядом	зарядами
Prepositional	о заряде	о зарядах

обвинение (Noun, Neuter): Follows standard neuter noun declension with stem-ending in -ие.

плата (Noun, Feminine): Regular feminine noun declension with stem-ending in -а.

заряжать (Verb, Imperfective): First conjugation verb with regular endings.

Person	Present Tense
я (I)	заряжаю
ты (You, sing.)	заряжаешь
он/она/оно (He/She/It)	заряжает
мы (We)	заряжаем
вы (You, pl.)	заряжаете
они (They)	заряжают

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for заряд:

• энергия (energy)
• нагрузка (load, in some contexts)

Note: 'энергия' is broader and often used metaphorically compared to 'заряд'.

Antonyms for заряд:

• разряд (discharge)

Related Phrases:

• заряд батареи - Battery charge (literal use for devices).
• выдвинуть обвинение - To bring a charge (legal context).
• взимать плату - To charge a fee (monetary context).
• зарядить оружие - To charge/load a weapon (military context).

Usage Notes:

• The choice of Russian translation for 'charge' depends heavily on context. 'Заряд' is strictly for physical or metaphorical energy, while 'обвинение' is limited to legal accusations.
• 'Плата' is used exclusively for monetary charges or fees and cannot be interchanged with other translations.
• The verb 'заряжать' is imperfective; for completed action, use the perfective form 'зарядить'.

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using 'заряд' for legal charges. Incorrect: *Ему дали заряд за кражу.* Correct: Ему выдвинули обвинение в краже. (He was charged with theft.)

Error 2: Misusing 'плата' for battery charge. Incorrect: *Телефон потерял плату.* Correct: Телефон потерял заряд. (The phone lost its charge.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the concept of 'обвинение' (charge as accusation) carries a formal and serious tone due to the historical weight of legal proceedings in Soviet and post-Soviet contexts. Using this term lightly or metaphorically might be misunderstood.

Related Concepts:

• энергия (energy)
• суд (trial)
• оплата (payment)