Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'corroboration'

English Word: corroboration

Key Russian Translations:

• подтверждение [pɐd.tʲvɪr.ˈʐdʲenʲɪ.jə] - [Formal, Singular]
• подкрепление [pɐd.krʲeˈplʲenʲɪ.jə] - [Formal, can imply strengthening evidence]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, academic, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and formal language structures. For 'подтверждение': B2; for 'подкрепление': B2 as well.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

подтверждение: [pɐd.tʲvɪr.ˈʐdʲenʲɪ.jə]

Note on подтверждение: The stress is on the fourth syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'тʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. It may vary slightly in rapid speech.

подкрепление: [pɐd.krʲeˈplʲenʲɪ.jə]

Note on подкрепление: Stress on the third syllable; the 'krʲ' cluster is pronounced softly, similar to English 'cr' but with palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of confirming or supporting evidence, facts, or statements.

Translation(s) & Context:

• подтверждение - Used in formal contexts like legal documents or scientific reports to indicate verification.
• подкрепление - Applied when evidence strengthens an argument, often in persuasive or argumentative scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Это подтверждение его слов было найдено в архивах. (Eto podtverzhdenie yego slov bylo naydeno v arkhivakh.)

  This corroboration of his words was found in the archives.

• Подкрепление фактов помогло выиграть дело в суде. (Podkreplenie faktov pomoglo vyigrat' delo v sude.)

  The corroboration of facts helped win the case in court.

• Без дополнительного подтверждения, утверждение кажется сомнительным. (Bez dopolnitel'nogo podtverzhdeniya, utverzhdenie kazhletsya somnitel'nym.)

  Without additional corroboration, the statement seems doubtful.

• Подкрепление аргументов экспертами сделало презентацию убедительной. (Podkreplenie argumentov ekspertami sdelalo prezentatsiyu ubeeditel'noy.)

  The corroboration of arguments by experts made the presentation convincing.

• Подтверждение аллеи через свидетелей было ключевым в расследовании. (Podtverzhdenie alibi cherez svideteeley bylo klyuchevym v rasledovanii.)

  The corroboration of the alibi through witnesses was key in the investigation.

Meaning 2: Something that serves as confirmation or proof.

Translation(s) & Context:

• подтверждение - Refers to physical or documentary evidence in everyday or professional use.
• подкрепление - Less common, but used for supportive elements in discussions or writings.

Usage Examples:

• Это письмо служит подтверждением нашей договоренности. (Eto pis'mo sluzhit podtverzhdeniem nashey dogovorennosti.)

  This letter serves as corroboration of our agreement.

• Подкрепление теории было предоставлено новыми данными. (Podkreplenie teorii bylo predostavleno novymi dannymi.)

  The corroboration of the theory was provided by new data.

• В суде потребовалось дополнительное подтверждение. (V sude potrebovalos' dopolnitel'noe podtverzhdenie.)

  Additional corroboration was required in court.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'подтверждение' and 'подкрепление' are neuter nouns in Russian, following the standard patterns for third-declension nouns. They decline based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table for 'подтверждение' as an example; 'подкрепление' follows similar rules.

Note: These nouns do not change in the plural for all cases but follow regular patterns without irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • доказательство (dokazatel'stvo) - More general term for proof; often interchangeable in legal contexts.
  • verification (верификация, verifikatsiya) - Used in technical or scientific settings; implies a process of checking.
• Antonyms:
  • опровержение (oprovverzhenie) - Refutation or denial.
  • сомнение (somnenie) - Doubt, which contrasts with confirmation.

Related Phrases:

• Подтверждение фактов (Podtverzhdenie faktov) - Corroboration of facts; used in investigative contexts.
• Дополнительное подкрепление (Dopolnitel'noe podkreplenie) - Additional corroboration; implies extra support in arguments.
• Получить подтверждение (Poluchit' podtverzhdenie) - To obtain corroboration; common in formal communications.

Usage Notes:

'Подтверждение' directly corresponds to 'corroboration' in formal English contexts, such as law or academia, and is preferred in written Russian. 'Подкрепление' is more dynamic, emphasizing strengthening, so choose based on whether the focus is on verification or support. Be mindful of declensions in sentences; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like 'без' (without). In informal speech, simpler alternatives like 'доказательство' might be used, but these are more precise for professional settings.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'подтверждение' without proper declension, e.g., saying "без подтверждение" instead of "без подтверждения". Correct: The genitive case is required after 'без'. Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case, so always check the context.

• Error: Confusing 'подтверждение' with 'подтверждение' in plural forms, e.g., incorrectly using 'подтверждений' where singular is needed. Correct: Use 'подтверждение' for singular nominative. Explanation: English speakers often overlook case and number agreements, leading to grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, 'подтверждение' holds significant weight in contexts like court proceedings or official documentation, reflecting a broader emphasis on bureaucratic verification. This stems from historical influences, such as Soviet-era administrative practices, where evidence corroboration was crucial for validity.

Related Concepts:

• доказательство
• свидетельство
• вероятность