Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Convict'

English Word: convict

Key Russian Translations:

• осуждённый [ɐsʊʐˈdʲɵnːɨj] - [Formal, Noun, Masculine]
• заключённый [zəklʲʊˈtɕɵnːɨj] - [Formal/Informal, Noun, Masculine]
• осуждать [ɐsʊʐˈdatʲ] - [Verb, To convict]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in legal and everyday contexts)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies by form and context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

осуждённый: [ɐsʊʐˈdʲɵnːɨj]

Note on осуждённый: Stress falls on the second syllable. The "ё" is always stressed and pronounced distinctly.

заключённый: [zəklʲʊˈtɕɵnːɨj]

Note on заключённый: Stress on the third syllable. The soft "ч" sound is a common challenge for learners.

осуждать: [ɐsʊʐˈdatʲ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Noun: A person found guilty of a crime (convict)

Translation(s) & Context:

• осуждённый - Used in formal and legal contexts to refer to a convicted person.
• заключённый - Refers to someone imprisoned, often used interchangeably with "осуждённый" but emphasizes imprisonment.

Usage Examples:

• Осуждённый получил десять лет тюрьмы за кражу.

  The convict received ten years in prison for theft.

• Заключённый сбежал из тюрьмы прошлой ночью.

  The convict escaped from prison last night.

• Осуждённый подал апелляцию на приговор.

  The convict appealed the verdict.

2. Verb: To find guilty of a crime (to convict)

Translation(s) & Context:

• осуждать - Used in legal contexts to mean "to convict" or "to condemn."

Usage Examples:

• Суд осудил его за мошенничество.

  The court convicted him of fraud.

• Её осудили на пять лет лишения свободы.

  She was convicted and sentenced to five years in prison.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

осуждённый (Noun, Masculine): Declines as a regular masculine adjective/noun. Below is the declension table for singular forms:

осуждать (Verb): Regular verb of the first conjugation. Below is the present tense conjugation:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for осуждённый/заключённый (Noun):

• преступник (criminal, often broader in meaning)
• арестант (arrestee, less common)

Antonyms for осуждённый/заключённый (Noun):

• невиновный (innocent)
• освобождённый (freed/released)

Related Phrases:

• осуждённый к пожизненному заключению - Sentenced to life imprisonment.
• осуждать за преступление - To convict of a crime.
• заключённый под стражу - Taken into custody.

Usage Notes:

• "осуждённый" is more specifically tied to the legal act of conviction, while "заключённый" emphasizes the state of imprisonment and can be used for detainees awaiting trial.
• The verb "осуждать" can also mean "to condemn" in a moral or social sense, not just legally, so context is critical.
• In formal writing or speech, prefer "осуждённый" when discussing legal outcomes.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "осуждённый" with "преступник." While both can refer to a criminal, "преступник" is broader and does not imply a legal conviction.
  Incorrect: Он преступник, но суд ещё не решил. (He is a criminal, but the court hasn’t decided yet.)
  Correct: Он подозреваемый, но суд ещё не решил. (He is a suspect, but the court hasn’t decided yet.)
• Error: Using "осуждать" in the wrong aspect (imperfective vs. perfective).
  Incorrect: Суд осуждает его вчера. (The court convicts him yesterday.)
  Correct: Суд осудил его вчера. (The court convicted him yesterday, using the perfective form "осудил.")

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "осуждённый" and "заключённый" carry significant weight due to the historical context of the Soviet era, when political convictions and imprisonment were widespread. These words may evoke associations with gulags or systemic injustice in older generations.

Related Concepts:

• приговор (verdict/sentence)
• тюрьма (prison)
• суд (court)