Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'contumacy'

English Word: contumacy

Key Russian Translations:

• упрямство [ʊˈprʲamstvə] - [Formal, used in legal or behavioral contexts]
• неповиновение [nʲɪpɐvʲɪˈnʲovʲenʲɪjə] - [Formal, often in authoritative or judicial settings]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are encountered in legal, psychological, or everyday discussions but not in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of nuanced vocabulary and grammatical structures in Russian, though basic forms are accessible to learners at this level.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

упрямство: [ʊˈprʲamstvə]

Note on упрямство: The stress falls on the second syllable; the 'р' is rolled, which can be challenging for non-native speakers. Variations in regional accents may soften the 'ʲ' palatalization.

неповиновение: [nʲɪpɐvʲɪˈnʲovʲenʲɪjə]

Note on неповиновение: This is a longer word with multiple syllables; focus on the primary stress on the fourth syllable. Common mispronunciations include omitting the soft signs.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Deliberate disobedience or resistance, often in a legal context (e.g., defying court orders).

Translation(s) & Context:

• упрямство - Used in formal discussions of personal stubbornness or resistance in everyday or legal scenarios.
• неповиновение - Applied in more official contexts, such as legal non-compliance or rebellion.

Usage Examples:

• Его упрямство в суде привело к дополнительным штрафам. (His contumacy in court led to additional fines.)

  Translation: His contumacy in court led to additional fines.

• Несмотря на предупреждения, её неповиновение начальству продолжалось. (Despite the warnings, her contumacy towards her superiors persisted.)

  Translation: Despite the warnings, her contumacy towards her superiors persisted.

• Упрямство ребёнка в выполнении домашних заданий вызвало раздражение родителей. (The child's contumacy in doing homework caused frustration for the parents.)

  Translation: The child's contumacy in doing homework caused frustration for the parents.

• В истории России, неповиновение властям часто приводило к революциям. (In Russian history, contumacy towards authorities often led to revolutions.)

  Translation: In Russian history, contumacy towards authorities often led to revolutions.

• Его упрямство в переговорах сделало сделку невозможной. (His contumacy in negotiations made the deal impossible.)

  Translation: His contumacy in negotiations made the deal impossible.

Meaning 2: Stubborn persistence or refusal to submit, in non-legal contexts (e.g., personal behavior).

Translation(s) & Context:

• упрямство - Common in psychological or interpersonal contexts, emphasizing personal traits.

Usage Examples:

• Её упрямство помогло ей преодолеть трудности, но иногда оно вредило. (Her contumacy helped her overcome difficulties, but sometimes it was harmful.)

  Translation: Her contumacy helped her overcome difficulties, but sometimes it was harmful.

• Упрямство в его характере проявляется в каждой дискуссии. (Contumacy in his character shows in every discussion.)

  Translation: Contumacy in his character shows in every discussion.

• Несмотря на советы, упрямство заставило его продолжить рискованный путь. (Despite advice, contumacy made him continue on the risky path.)

  Translation: Despite advice, contumacy made him continue on the risky path.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. "Упрямство" is a neuter noun in the second declension, which follows regular patterns. "Неповиновение" is also a neuter noun but can vary slightly based on context.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular inflections, making them relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Строптивость (more emphatic, implying defiance)
  • Упорство (focuses on persistence with a positive connotation)
  • Бунт (rebellion, used in revolutionary contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • Послушание (obedience, directly opposite in behavioral contexts)
  • Сговорчивость (compliance, implying ease in agreement)

Related Phrases:

• Проявить упрямство - To show contumacy (used when someone demonstrates stubborn resistance).
• Неповиновение закону - Contumacy of the law (common in legal discussions, implying defiance of regulations).
• Упрямство характера - Stubbornness of character (a phrase for describing personality traits).

Usage Notes:

"Упрямство" and "неповиновение" closely align with "contumacy" but "упрямство" is more general for everyday stubbornness, while "неповиновение" is specific to formal disobedience. Use "упрямство" in personal or psychological contexts and "неповиновение" in legal ones. Be mindful of Russian's case system when integrating these into sentences, as they must agree with surrounding nouns and verbs. For English learners, choose based on context: formal vs. informal settings.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "упрямство" with "упорство" and using it interchangeably. Correct: "Упорство" implies positive persistence, while "упрямство" suggests negative defiance. Example of error: Saying "Его упорство в суде" (incorrect for contumacy). Correct: "Его упрямство в суде".

• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Correct: In genitive, it should be "упрямства", not "упрямство". This can lead to grammatical errors in sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like "упрямство" often tie to historical narratives of resistance, such as during the Soviet era or in literature like Dostoevsky's works, where defiance against authority is a recurring theme. This reflects a broader cultural appreciation for individualism amidst collectivist traditions.

Related Concepts:

• Бунтарство (rebelliousness)
• Стойкость (resilience)
• Подчинение (submission)