Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'carve'

English Word: carve

Key Russian Translations:

• вырезать [vɨˈrʲezatʲ] - [Formal/Informal, General use for cutting or carving out]
• резать [ˈrʲezatʲ] - [Informal, Often used for cutting or slicing]
• вырезать по дереву [vɨˈrʲezatʲ pə dʲɪˈrʲevu] - [Specific, Used for wood carving]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "вырезать" and "резать"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "вырезать по дереву"

Pronunciation (Russian):

вырезать: [vɨˈrʲezatʲ]

Note on вырезать: Stress falls on the second syllable. The "ы" sound is unique to Russian and may be challenging for English speakers.

резать: [ˈrʲezatʲ]

Note on резать: Stress on the first syllable. The soft "р" sound requires a slight roll of the tongue.

вырезать по дереву: [vɨˈrʲezatʲ pə dʲɪˈrʲevu]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To cut or shape by removing material (e.g., wood, stone)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вырезать - Used for carving out shapes or patterns, often in artistic or detailed work.
• вырезать по дереву - Specifically refers to carving wood, often in a traditional or craft context.

Usage Examples:

• Он вырезал красивую фигуру из дерева.

  He carved a beautiful figure out of wood.

• Она любит вырезать по дереву в свободное время.

  She loves carving wood in her free time.

• Мастер вырезал узоры на деревянной шкатулке.

  The craftsman carved patterns on the wooden box.

2. To cut into pieces (e.g., food)

Translation(s) & Context:

• резать - Commonly used for slicing or cutting food, less artistic than "вырезать".

Usage Examples:

• Можешь резать торт на куски?

  Can you carve the cake into pieces?

• Он резал мясо на тонкие ломтики.

  He carved the meat into thin slices.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

вырезать (verb, perfective): This verb is perfective, indicating a completed action. It conjugates as a first-conjugation verb. Below is the present tense conjugation (though perfective verbs are rarely used in the present; future forms are more common):

Person	Future Simple (буду/будешь...)
Я (I)	вырежу [vɨˈrʲeʐu]
Ты (You, informal)	вырежешь [vɨˈrʲeʐɨʂ]
Он/Она/Оно (He/She/It)	вырежет [vɨˈrʲeʐɨt]
Мы (We)	вырежем [vɨˈrʲeʐɨm]
Вы (You, formal/plural)	вырежете [vɨˈrʲeʐɨtʲe]
Они (They)	вырежут [vɨˈrʲeʐut]

резать (verb, imperfective): This verb is imperfective, indicating an ongoing or repeated action. It also follows first-conjugation rules. Below is the present tense conjugation:

Person	Present Tense
Я (I)	режу [ˈrʲeʐu]
Ты (You, informal)	режешь [ˈrʲeʐɨʂ]
Он/Она/Оно (He/She/It)	режет [ˈrʲeʐɨt]
Мы (We)	режем [ˈrʲeʐɨm]
Вы (You, formal/plural)	режете [ˈrʲeʐɨtʲe]
Они (They)	режут [ˈrʲeʐut]

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for вырезать:

• высекать (more formal, often for stone or harder materials)
• выдалбливать (used for hollowing out)

Note: "высекать" implies a more intense or precise action, often with stone or metal, while "выдалбливать" focuses on creating a hollow space.

Synonyms for резать:

• нарезать (often used for slicing food into smaller pieces)
• кроить (used in tailoring or cutting fabric)

Antonyms:

• склеивать (to glue or stick together)
• соединять (to connect or join)

Related Phrases:

• вырезать узор - To carve a pattern (often used in decorative contexts).
• резать на куски - To carve into pieces (commonly used for food preparation).
• вырезать из бумаги - To carve/cut out of paper (often for crafts or silhouettes).

Usage Notes:

• "вырезать" is generally more precise and often implies an artistic or intentional act of carving or cutting out, while "резать" is broader and can refer to simple cutting or slicing, especially in everyday contexts like cooking.
• Be mindful of the aspect of the verbs: "вырезать" is perfective (completed action), while "резать" is imperfective (ongoing/repeated action). Use "вырезать" when the result matters, and "резать" for the process.
• "вырезать по дереву" is a specific phrase for wood carving and is less common in casual speech; use it only in relevant contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "резать" when referring to detailed artistic carving.
  Incorrect: Я режу фигуру из дерева. (I cut a figure out of wood - sounds too casual or incorrect for artistic work.)
  Correct: Я вырезаю фигуру из дерева. (I carve a figure out of wood.)
• Error: Confusing verb aspects and using "вырезать" for ongoing actions.
  Incorrect: Я вырезаю хлеб каждый день. (I carve bread every day - incorrect aspect for a repeated action.)
  Correct: Я режу хлеб каждый день. (I cut bread every day.)

Cultural Notes:

Carving, especially wood carving ("вырезать по дереву"), holds a significant place in Russian folk art. Traditional Russian crafts often feature intricate wooden carvings on household items, toys, and religious icons. The verb "вырезать" may evoke these cultural associations in certain contexts.

Related Concepts:

• резьба (carving as a craft or art form)
• дерево (wood, often associated with carving)
• нож (knife, a common tool for carving)