Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'consanguinity'

English Word: consanguinity

Key Russian Translations:

• родство [rɐdstvə] - [Formal, typically used in legal or familial contexts]
• кровное родство [krofnəjə rɐdstvə] - [Formal, emphasizes blood relation; often in medical or legal discussions]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing and discussions about family law, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding noun declensions and contextual usage; for 'кровное родство', it may reach B2 due to compound structure)

Pronunciation (Russian):

родство: [rɐdstvə] (The stress is on the first syllable; note the soft 'т' sound, which can be challenging for beginners)

кровное родство: [krofnəjə rɐdstvə] (Emphasize the 'о' in 'кровное'; the phrase flows quickly in native speech)

Note on родство: The 'о' in the first syllable is reduced in fast speech, sounding like [rɐd-], which is a common feature in Russian unstressed vowels.

Note on кровное родство: Pay attention to the adjective 'кровное', which agrees in gender, number, and case with 'родство'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Blood relation or kinship by blood (referring to familial ties through descent).

Translation(s) & Context:

• родство - Used in formal contexts, such as legal documents or discussions about inheritance laws.
• кровное родство - Applied in contexts emphasizing biological connections, like genetics or marriage restrictions.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: В некоторых культурах брак между людьми с близким родством запрещен законом.

  English translation: In some cultures, marriage between people with close consanguinity is prohibited by law.

• Русский пример: Генетические тесты могут подтвердить кровное родство между родственниками.

  English translation: Genetic tests can confirm consanguinity between relatives.

• Русский пример: Родство по линии матери часто играет важную роль в семейных традициях.

  English translation: Consanguinity through the maternal line often plays an important role in family traditions.

• Русский пример: В юридических документах необходимо указывать степень кровного родства для наследства.

  English translation: In legal documents, the degree of consanguinity must be specified for inheritance purposes.

• Русский пример: Изучение родства помогает понять исторические миграции народов.

  English translation: Studying consanguinity helps understand historical migrations of peoples.

2. Extended meaning: Kinship or relational ties in a broader social or metaphorical sense (less common for 'consanguinity').

Translation(s) & Context:

• родство - In metaphorical contexts, such as cultural or spiritual connections, though this is rare for the exact term.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Иногда родство душ важнее, чем кровное родство.

  English translation: Sometimes spiritual consanguinity is more important than blood relations.

• Русский пример: В науке родство видов определяется через эволюционные связи.

  English translation: In science, consanguinity of species is determined through evolutionary links.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Родство' is a neuter noun in the second declension. It follows standard Russian noun patterns with changes in cases and numbers. 'Кровное родство' involves an adjective 'кровное' that agrees with the noun.

For 'кровное родство', the adjective 'кровное' changes: e.g., Genitive: кровного родства. This is a regular pattern, but learners should note agreement rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: кровное родство (emphasizes blood aspect), родственные связи (more about relational ties), генеалогическое родство (genealogical kinship)
• Antonyms: неродство (non-kinship, though rarely used), чужеродность (foreign or unrelated status)

Note: 'Родственные связи' is often preferred in modern contexts for broader relational networks, while 'кровное родство' is more specific to biological ties.

Related Phrases:

• Ближнее родство - Close consanguinity; used in legal contexts to denote immediate family ties.
• Дальнее родство - Distant consanguinity; refers to extended family connections.
• Кровное родство по отцу - Paternal consanguinity; highlights lineage from the father's side.

Usage Notes:

'Родство' directly corresponds to 'consanguinity' in formal English contexts, such as law or genealogy, but may imply a broader kinship in Russian. Use 'кровное родство' when emphasizing biological aspects to match precise English meanings. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: always decline the noun according to its case in a sentence. In informal settings, Russians might use simpler terms like 'родня' for everyday family discussions. When choosing between translations, opt for 'родство' for general use and 'кровное родство' in scientific or legal scenarios.

Common Errors:

• English learners often misuse the genitive case, e.g., saying "о родство" instead of "о родстве" (correct: about consanguinity). Error: "Я думаю о родство." Correct: "Я думаю о родстве." Explanation: The prepositional case requires 'родстве' to indicate the object of 'about'.
• Confusing 'родство' with 'родина' (homeland), leading to incorrect usage in family contexts. Error: Using 'родина' to mean consanguinity. Correct: Stick to 'родство' for relational ties. Explanation: 'Родина' refers to one's native land, not blood relations.
• Overusing 'кровное родство' in non-biological contexts, e.g., for metaphorical kinship. Error: "Духовное кровное родство" (implying literal blood). Correct: Use "духовное родство" for spiritual ties. Explanation: Reserve 'кровное' for explicit biological references to avoid confusion.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, consanguinity (родство) holds significant importance, often tied to family traditions, inheritance rights, and social structures. Historically, under the Soviet era, blood ties influenced community networks, and today, it remains central in rituals like weddings or funerals, reflecting a deep-rooted emphasis on familial loyalty and heritage.

Related Concepts:

• семья (family)
• родственники (relatives)
• генеалогия (genealogy)