Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Confine'

English Word: confine

Key Russian Translations:

• ограничивать [ɐɡrʌˈnʲitʃʲɪvətʲ] - [Formal, Verb]
• заключать [zəklʲʊˈtʃʲatʲ] - [Formal, Verb, Often used for confinement in a space]
• сдерживать [sdʲɪrˈʐɨvətʲ] - [Neutral, Verb, Often used for emotions or actions]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate) for all translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

ограничивать: [ɐɡrʌˈnʲitʃʲɪvətʲ]

Note on ограничивать: Stress falls on the second syllable; the 'ч' sound is soft.

заключать: [zəklʲʊˈtʃʲatʲ]

Note on заключать: Stress on the third syllable; often used in formal or legal contexts.

сдерживать: [sdʲɪrˈʐɨvətʲ]

Note on сдерживать: Stress on the second syllable; 'ж' is a voiced fricative sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To restrict or limit (e.g., movement, scope)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ограничивать - Used for limiting scope, rights, or movement in a general sense.
• сдерживать - Often used for restraining actions or emotions.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство решило ограничить доступ к интернету.

  The government decided to confine access to the internet.

• Мы должны сдерживать свои эмоции в этой ситуации.

  We must confine our emotions in this situation.

• Эти правила ограничивают нашу свободу.

  These rules confine our freedom.

2. To enclose or imprison (e.g., in a space)

Translation(s) & Context:

• заключать - Used for physical confinement, often in legal or formal contexts (e.g., imprisonment).

Usage Examples:

• Его заключили в тюрьму на десять лет.

  He was confined to prison for ten years.

• Больного заключили в изолятор.

  The patient was confined to an isolation ward.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

ограничивать (Verb, Imperfective):

Person	Present Tense	Past Tense (Masc/Fem/Neut)
1st Singular	ограничиваю	ограничивал / ограничивала / ограничивало
3rd Plural	ограничивают	ограничивали

Note: Perfective form is "ограничить."

заключать and сдерживать follow similar conjugation patterns as imperfective verbs. Perfective forms are "заключить" and "сдержать," respectively.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for ограничивать:

• урезать
• сокращать

Note: "урезать" often implies cutting down (e.g., budget), while "сокращать" is more about reducing.

Antonyms for ограничивать:

• расширять
• разрешать

Related Phrases:

• ограничивать свободу - To confine freedom; commonly used in discussions of rights.
• сдерживать гнев - To confine anger; used for emotional restraint.
• заключать под стражу - To confine under arrest; a formal legal phrase.

Usage Notes:

• "Ограничивать" is the most general term for limiting or restricting and can be used in abstract and concrete contexts.
• "Заключать" is more specific to physical confinement or formal agreements (e.g., concluding a contract or imprisoning someone).
• "Сдерживать" often applies to intangible things like emotions or impulses, though it can also mean holding back physically.
• Choose the appropriate verb based on the context—physical confinement often requires "заключать," while abstract limits suit "ограничивать."

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "заключать" for abstract limits. Incorrect: "Заключать свободу" (should be "Ограничивать свободу").
• Error: Confusing "сдерживать" with "ограничивать" when referring to emotions. "Ограничивать эмоции" sounds unnatural; use "сдерживать эмоции" instead.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the concept of confinement, especially in legal contexts ("заключать под стражу"), carries historical weight due to the country's past with political imprisonment. Using such terms may evoke strong associations in formal or historical discussions.

Related Concepts:

• свобода (freedom)
• ограничение (restriction)
• тюрьма (prison)