Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'conductivity'

English Word: conductivity

Key Russian Translations:

• проводимость (/prə.vɐˈdʲiməsʲtʲ/) - [Formal, Technical, Singular; Used in scientific and engineering contexts, particularly for electrical conductivity]
• теплопроводность (/tʲɪ.plɐ.prɐˈvɔdnəsʲtʲ/) - [Formal, Technical; Used specifically for thermal conductivity, often in physics or material science]

Frequency: Medium; This term is commonly encountered in technical, scientific, and educational contexts but is less frequent in everyday conversation.

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate); Requires familiarity with scientific vocabulary and basic Russian grammar; for "проводимость," it may be slightly easier, while "теплопроводность" could approach C1 for nuanced usage.

Pronunciation (Russian):

проводимость: /prə.vɐˈdʲiməsʲtʲ/ (Note on проводимость: The stress falls on the third syllable; be mindful of the soft sign (ь) affecting the pronunciation of the 'д' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalization.)

теплопроводность: /tʲɪ.plɐ.prɐˈvɔdnəsʲtʲ/ (Note on теплопроводность: Pronunciation involves a soft 'т' at the beginning; practice the rolling 'р' for accuracy in technical discussions.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The property of a material to conduct electricity (e.g., in physics).

Translation(s) & Context:

• проводимость - Used in formal scientific writing or discussions about electrical properties, such as in engineering reports or lab settings.

Usage Examples:

• Электрическая проводимость металлов зависит от температуры. (Elektrichyeskaya provodimost' metallov zavisit ot temperatury.)

  The electrical conductivity of metals depends on temperature. (This example shows the term in a scientific context, highlighting dependency on external factors.)

• В проводниках с высокой проводимостью ток проходит легко. (V provodnikakh s vysokoy provodimost'yu tok prokhodit legko.)

  In conductors with high conductivity, current flows easily. (Demonstrates usage in describing material properties, with an adjective modifier for emphasis.)

• Измерение проводимости воды помогает определить её чистоту. (Izmereniye provodimosti vody pomogayet opredelit yeyo chistotu.)

  Measuring the conductivity of water helps determine its purity. (Illustrates application in practical scenarios, such as environmental science.)

• Проводимость полупроводников изменяется под действием света. (Provodimost' poluprovodnikov izmenyayetsya pod deystviyem sveta.)

  The conductivity of semiconductors changes under the influence of light. (Shows the term in a dynamic context, common in electronics.)

Meaning 2: The ability of a material to conduct heat (e.g., in thermodynamics).

Translation(s) & Context:

• теплопроводность - Applied in contexts involving heat transfer, such as in material science or engineering design.

Usage Examples:

• Теплопроводность материалов влияет на эффективность изоляции. (Teploprovodnost' materialov vliyayet na effektivnost' izolyatsii.)

  The thermal conductivity of materials affects the efficiency of insulation. (This example highlights the term in building or energy contexts.)

• Высокая теплопроводность меди делает её идеальным для радиаторов. (Vysokaya teploprovodnost' medi delayet yeyo ideal'nym dlya radiatorov.)

  The high thermal conductivity of copper makes it ideal for radiators. (Demonstrates comparative usage in material selection.)

• В изучении теплопроводности учитываются факторы, такие как плотность. (V izuchenii teploprovodnosti uchytyvayutsya faktory, takiye kak plotnost'.)

  In the study of thermal conductivity, factors such as density are considered. (Shows the term in academic or research settings.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "проводимость" and "теплопроводность" are feminine nouns in Russian, belonging to the third declension. They follow standard patterns for abstract nouns and do not have irregular inflections.

Note: These nouns are invariable in terms of gender and do not change in adjectival agreements beyond standard rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • электропроводность (electrically conductive property; often interchangeable with проводимость in electrical contexts, but more specific)
  • проводимость электрическая (a more descriptive phrase; used for emphasis in formal texts)
• Antonyms:
  • непроводимость (non-conductivity; implies the absence of conductive properties)
  • изоляторность (insulating quality; particularly for thermal contexts)

Related Phrases:

• электрическая проводимость - (Electrical conductivity; A common phrase in physics, referring to the measure of a material's ability to conduct electricity.)
• коэффициент теплопроводности - (Coefficient of thermal conductivity; Used in engineering to quantify heat transfer rates.)
• повышенная проводимость - (Increased conductivity; Describes materials with enhanced properties, often in scientific discussions.)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "проводимость" directly corresponds to the English "conductivity" in electrical contexts, while "теплопроводность" is preferred for thermal applications. Always consider the specific domain: use "проводимость" in physics or electronics, and pair it with adjectives like "электрическая" for clarity. These terms are formal and technical, so avoid them in casual conversation. When choosing between translations, select based on context—e.g., "проводимость" for general conductivity and "теплопроводность" for heat-related topics. Grammatically, these nouns require agreement in gender, number, and case with accompanying words.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "проводимость" with "проведение" (which means "conducting" as in leading or carrying out an event): Incorrect: "Проведение электричества" (wrongly implying "conducting electricity" as an action). Correct: "Проводимость электричества." Explanation: "Проведение" is a verb-derived noun; use "проводимость" for material properties to avoid semantic errors.
• Overgeneralizing inflections: Learners might incorrectly use the plural form in singular contexts, e.g., "проводимостями" instead of "проводимостью." Correct: Match the case precisely, as shown in the inflections table. Explanation: Russian nouns require accurate declension to maintain grammatical agreement.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific culture, terms like "проводимость" are heavily influenced by Soviet-era physics education, emphasizing practical applications in engineering and space technology. For instance, Russia's history in semiconductor development (e.g., during the Space Race) has made these concepts integral to technical discourse, reflecting a cultural emphasis on applied sciences over theoretical ones.

Related Concepts:

• резистентность (resistance)
• индуктивность (inductance)
• диэлектрик (dielectric)