Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'condemnation'

English Word: condemnation

Key Russian Translations:

• Осуждение [ɐˈsuʒdʲɪnʲe] - [Formal, often used in legal, moral, or public contexts]
• Порицание [pɐrʲɪˈtsanʲɪe] - [Formal, typically in ethical or official disapprovals]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are commonly encountered in formal writing, news, and discussions, but less so in everyday casual speech.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves abstract concepts and requires understanding of nuanced contexts; for "Осуждение," it's B2, while "Порицание" may lean toward B1 for simpler uses.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Осуждение: [ɐˈsuʒdʲɪnʲe]

Note on Осуждение: The stress falls on the second syllable ("suʒdʲ"), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to Russian's variable stress patterns. Ensure the "ж" sound is soft and palatalized.

Порицание: [pɐrʲɪˈtsanʲɪe]

Note on Порицание: The initial "П" is unaspirated, and the stress is on the third syllable ("tsanʲ"); be mindful of the soft "рʲ" which can be challenging for non-native speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The act of expressing strong disapproval or criticism, often in a formal or moral context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Осуждение - Used in contexts involving legal judgments, public moral outrage, or ethical debates (e.g., in courtrooms or media discussions).
• Порицание - Applied in official or institutional settings, such as governmental or educational reprimands, emphasizing ethical condemnation.

Usage Examples:

• Его осуждение коррупции в правительстве вызвало широкие дебаты в обществе.

  His condemnation of corruption in the government sparked widespread debates in society.

• Международное порицание действий диктатора было выражено в резолюции ООН.

  International condemnation of the dictator's actions was expressed in a UN resolution.

• Осуждение общественности по поводу экологического ущерба стало катализатором для новых законов.

  Public condemnation regarding environmental damage became a catalyst for new laws.

• Её порицание неэтичного поведения коллег было встречено с одобрением.

  Her condemnation of her colleagues' unethical behavior was met with approval.

• В исторических текстах осуждение царя за жестокость часто подчеркивается.

  In historical texts, the condemnation of the tsar for cruelty is often emphasized.

2. A formal judgment or sentence, especially in a legal sense.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Осуждение - Primarily in legal contexts, such as court verdicts or criminal judgments.
• Порицание - Less common here, but used in administrative or disciplinary settings, like school or workplace reprimands.

Usage Examples:

• Суд вынес осуждение за финансовые преступления, и обвиняемый был приговорен к тюремному сроку.

  The court issued a condemnation for financial crimes, and the defendant was sentenced to prison.

• Его порицание в официальном отчете послужило основанием для увольнения.

  His condemnation in the official report served as grounds for dismissal.

• Осуждение подсудимого было основано на неопровержимых доказательствах.

  The condemnation of the defendant was based on irrefutable evidence.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "Осуждение" and "Порицание" are neuter nouns in Russian, following standard declension patterns for third-declension nouns. They are inflected based on case, number, and gender, but as neuter nouns, they have regular endings. "Осуждение" is more commonly used and has straightforward inflections, while "Порицание" follows similar rules.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them relatively straightforward for learners, but pay attention to the soft endings in certain cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Критика [krʲɪˈtʲikə] (Criticism; more general and less formal than Осуждение)
  • Осуждение (as above, but can imply a stronger moral tone)
  • Брани [brɐˈnʲi] (Reproach; used in more emotional contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • Похвала [pɐˈxvaɫə] (Praise; directly opposite in moral or legal approval)
  • Одобрение [ɐdɐˈbrʲenʲɪe] (Approval; formal counterpart)

Related Phrases:

• Моральное осуждение - Moral condemnation; Used in ethical discussions to express societal disapproval.
• Публичное порицание - Public condemnation; Common in media or official statements for widespread criticism.
• Осуждение действий - Condemnation of actions; A phrase for criticizing specific behaviors in legal or social contexts.

Usage Notes:

"Осуждение" is the most direct translation for "condemnation" in formal contexts, such as legal or moral scenarios, and is preferred when emphasizing judgment. "Порицание" is slightly more nuanced, often implying ethical disapproval without legal connotations. English speakers should note that Russian requires careful attention to case (e.g., use genitive for possession: "осуждения правительства"). In informal speech, these words are rare; opt for simpler terms like "критика." When choosing between translations, consider the context: use "Осуждение" for legal settings and "Порицание" for institutional ones to ensure precision.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking case inflections: English learners often use the nominative form everywhere, e.g., saying "Я согласен с осуждение" instead of the correct genitive "осуждения" in "Я согласен с осуждением." Correct usage: "Я согласен с осуждением" (I agree with the condemnation).
• Overusing in informal contexts: Beginners might apply "Осуждение" casually, like in everyday conversations, which sounds unnatural. Example of error: "Я осуждение твоего плана" (incorrect); Correct: Avoid it in casual talk; use "Я не согласен" instead.
• Confusing with similar words: Mixing up with "Осуждение" and "Суд" (trial), leading to phrases like "Осуждение суда" meaning "court condemnation," which is redundant. Clarify: Use "Осуждение" specifically for the act, not the process.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "Осуждение" often carry historical weight, linked to events such as Soviet-era purges or modern criticisms of government actions. It reflects a societal emphasis on collective moral judgment, as seen in literature by authors like Dostoevsky, where condemnation symbolizes internal and external conflicts. Understanding this helps English users grasp the emotional depth in Russian discourse.

Related Concepts:

• Критика
• Брани
• Похвала
• Одобрение