Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'conclude'

English Word: conclude

Key Russian Translations:

• заключить [zəklʲuˈtʃitʲ] - [Formal, Often used in legal or agreement contexts]
• завершить [zəvʲɪrˈʃitʲ] - [Neutral, Often used for finishing tasks or events]
• сделать вывод [ˈsdʲelətʲ ˈvɨvət] - [Neutral, Used for drawing conclusions]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in formal and academic contexts)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies slightly by translation and context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

заключить: [zəklʲuˈtʃitʲ]

Note on заключить: Stress falls on the second syllable. The 'ч' sound is a soft 'ch' as in 'church'.

завершить: [zəvʲɪrˈʃitʲ]

Note on завершить: Stress on the third syllable. The 'ш' is a soft hissing sound.

сделать вывод: [ˈsdʲelətʲ ˈvɨvət]

Note on сделать вывод: Two-word phrase with stress on the first syllable of each word.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To bring to an end (e.g., a meeting, task, or event)

Translation(s) & Context:

• завершить - Commonly used for finishing processes, events, or tasks.

Usage Examples:

• Мы завершили собрание в 18:00.

  We concluded the meeting at 6:00 PM.

• Она завершила проект раньше срока.

  She concluded the project ahead of schedule.

• Давайте завершим этот разговор.

  Let’s conclude this conversation.

2. To reach an agreement or finalize (e.g., a deal or contract)

Translation(s) & Context:

• заключить - Used in formal contexts, especially for contracts or agreements.

Usage Examples:

• Они заключили договор о сотрудничестве.

  They concluded a cooperation agreement.

• Мы заключили сделку после долгих переговоров.

  We concluded the deal after long negotiations.

• Компания заключила контракт с новым партнером.

  The company concluded a contract with a new partner.

3. To infer or deduce (e.g., a conclusion from evidence)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сделать вывод - Used for drawing conclusions or making inferences.

Usage Examples:

• Он сделал вывод, что проект не будет успешным.

  He concluded that the project would not be successful.

• После анализа данных мы сделали вывод о росте продаж.

  After analyzing the data, we concluded that sales had increased.

• Она сделала вывод из его слов, что он не придет.

  She concluded from his words that he wouldn’t come.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

заключить (verb, perfective): Follows regular conjugation for perfective verbs in Russian. Used with accusative case for direct objects (e.g., договор - agreement).

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	заключу	заключим
2nd	заключишь	заключите
3rd	заключит	заключат

завершить (verb, perfective): Regular perfective verb conjugation. Often used with direct objects in accusative case.

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	завершу	завершим
2nd	завершишь	завершите
3rd	завершит	завершат

сделать вывод (phrase): Combines the verb "сделать" (to do/make, perfective) with the noun "вывод" (conclusion). "Сделать" conjugates regularly, while "вывод" declines as a masculine noun.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for "завершить":

• закончить
• окончить

Note: "закончить" is more common in everyday speech, while "окончить" can be more formal or literary.

Antonyms for "завершить":

• начать
• приступить

Related Phrases:

• заключить мир - to conclude peace (used in historical or diplomatic contexts).
• завершить работу - to conclude work (common in professional settings).
• сделать вывод из ситуации - to draw a conclusion from a situation (used in analytical contexts).

Usage Notes:

• The choice between "заключить," "завершить," and "сделать вывод" depends heavily on context. "Заключить" is almost exclusively used for formal agreements or contracts, while "завершить" is more general for ending tasks or events. "Сделать вывод" is specific to drawing conclusions or inferences.
• All three are perfective verbs or phrases, indicating a completed action. If referring to an ongoing process of concluding, imperfective forms like "заключать" or "завершать" may be needed.
• Be mindful of formality: "заключить" is formal, while "сделать вывод" can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "заключить" for casual endings (e.g., concluding a conversation). Incorrect: Я заключил разговор. Correct: Я завершил разговор. Explanation: "Заключить" is reserved for formal agreements, not everyday closures.
• Error: Confusing "сделать вывод" with direct translations of "conclude" in non-inference contexts. Incorrect: Мы сделали вывод собрание. Correct: Мы завершили собрание. Explanation: "Сделать вывод" only applies to drawing conclusions, not ending events.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the concept of "concluding" an agreement with "заключить" often carries a sense of formality and importance, reflecting the cultural value placed on written contracts and official agreements. Historically, verbal agreements were less binding, so "заключить" implies a finalized, often documented, commitment.

Related Concepts:

• договор (agreement)
• контракт (contract)
• итог (result/outcome)