Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'cleat'

English Word: cleat

Key Russian Translations:

• клеат [ˈkleət] - [Technical, Nautical]
• шпилька [ˈʂpʲilʲkə] - [Informal, Sports-related, e.g., for footwear]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized contexts like sailing or athletics, not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions; for 'шпилька', it may be A2 due to its more common usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

клеат: [ˈkleət] (Note: This is a borrowed word from English, pronounced similarly with stress on the first syllable; Russian speakers may adapt it to [ˈklʲeət] for ease.)

шпилька: [ˈʂpʲilʲkə] (Note on шпилька: The 'ш' sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it sounds like 'sh' in 'shoe' but with a retroflex quality.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A fitting or projection on a boat or ship used for securing ropes (nautical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• клеат - Used in formal or technical discussions about sailing and maritime equipment.

Usage Examples:

• Моряк закрепил верёвку на клеате, чтобы удержать яхту на месте.

  The sailor secured the rope on the cleat to hold the yacht in place.

• Во время шторма клеат на палубе сломался под напором волн.

  During the storm, the cleat on the deck broke under the force of the waves.

• Капитан научил новичка, как правильно использовать клеат для фиксации парусов.

  The captain taught the novice how to properly use the cleat to secure the sails.

• В современном дизайне яхт клеат часто изготавливается из лёгких сплавов.

  In modern yacht designs, the cleat is often made from lightweight alloys.

• Без надёжного клеата экипаж не сможет безопасно пристать к берегу.

  Without a reliable cleat, the crew won't be able to safely dock at the shore.

Meaning 2: A stud or spike on the sole of a shoe for better grip (sports context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• шпилька - Used in informal or everyday sports talk, especially for athletic footwear like soccer cleats.

Usage Examples:

• Футболисты надевают ботинки с шпильками, чтобы лучше держаться на мокром поле.

  Soccer players wear shoes with cleats to get better grip on a wet field.

• Эти шпильки на кроссовках износились после нескольких игр.

  These cleats on the sneakers have worn out after a few games.

• В магазине спортивных товаров можно купить замену шпилькам для беговых кед.

  At the sports store, you can buy replacements for cleats on running shoes.

• Шпильки на обуви помогают предотвратить скольжение во время тренировки.

  Cleats on shoes help prevent slipping during training.

• Профессиональные атлеты предпочитают лёгкие шпильки для повышения скорости.

  Professional athletes prefer lightweight cleats to increase speed.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'клеат' and 'шпилька' are nouns in Russian. 'Клеат' is often treated as an indeclinable noun (especially as a borrowing), meaning it does not change form in most cases. 'Шпилька' is a feminine noun that follows the standard first declension pattern.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Для 'клеат': утка (utka) - A nautical term for a similar fitting, but more archaic.
  • Для 'шпилька': шип (ship) - Often used interchangeably in sports contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • Поверхность (poverkhnost') - Not a direct antonym, but implies a smooth surface without grips.

Related Phrases:

• Закрепить на клеате (Zakrepit' na kleate) - To secure on a cleat; used in sailing to mean fastening ropes.
• Сменить шпильки (Smexit' shpyl'ki) - To replace cleats; common in sports for maintaining footwear.
• Клеат для яхты (Kleat dlya yakhry) - Cleat for a yacht; a phrase in technical discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Cleat' in English corresponds most directly to 'клеат' in nautical contexts and 'шпилька' in sports, but English speakers should note that Russian often borrows terms like 'клеат' without alteration for technical accuracy. Use 'клеат' in formal or professional settings, while 'шпилька' is more versatile for everyday talk. Be mindful of gender agreement in sentences (e.g., adjectives must agree with the feminine 'шпилька'). When choosing between translations, opt for 'клеат' if the context is maritime and 'шпилька' for footwear to ensure precision.

Common Errors:

• Ошибка: Using 'клеат' as if it were fully declinable, e.g., saying "клеата" instead of "клеат" in genitive. Правильное: Stick to the undeclinable form to avoid confusion. Объяснение: As a borrowed word, 'клеат' doesn't change, unlike native nouns.
• Ошибка: Confusing 'шпилька' with 'шпиль' (a pin or spike in other contexts), leading to misuse in sports. Правильное: Specify 'шпилька' for footwear cleats. Объяснение: This can alter the meaning entirely, so context is key for English learners.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'клеат' are tied to historical maritime traditions, such as those in the Russian Navy, where precise equipment is emphasized for safety. 'Шпилька' in sports reflects the growing popularity of football (soccer) in Russia, influenced by international events like the World Cup, symbolizing adaptability and performance in challenging conditions.

Related Concepts:

• Якорь (yakor') - Anchor
• Парус (parus) - Sail
• Кроссовки (krossovki) - Sneakers