Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Comparative'

English Word: comparative

Key Russian Translations:

• сравнительный [srɐvʲˈnʲitʲɪlʲnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• сравнительная степень [srɐvʲˈnʲitʲɪlʲnəjə ˈstʲepʲɪnʲ] - [Formal, Grammatical Term]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in academic and linguistic contexts)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; "сравнительный" is easier to grasp, while "сравнительная степень" may require grammatical knowledge)

Pronunciation (Russian):

сравнительный: [srɐvʲˈnʲitʲɪlʲnɨj]

Note on сравнительный: Stress falls on the second syllable. The soft 'л' sound can be tricky for non-native speakers.

сравнительная степень: [srɐvʲˈnʲitʲɪlʲnəjə ˈstʲepʲɪnʲ]

Note on сравнительная степень: Stress is on the second syllable of "сравнительная" and the first of "степень".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Relating to Comparison (General or Academic Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сравнительный - Used as an adjective to describe something related to comparison, often in academic or analytical contexts (e.g., comparative analysis).

Usage Examples:

• Это сравнительное исследование двух культур.

  This is a comparative study of two cultures.

• Сравнительный анализ показывает различия в подходах.

  Comparative analysis reveals differences in approaches.

• Мы используем сравнительный метод для оценки.

  We use a comparative method for evaluation.

2. Grammatical Term (Linguistic Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сравнительная степень - Refers specifically to the comparative degree of adjectives or adverbs in grammar.

Usage Examples:

• В русском языке сравнительная степень часто образуется с помощью суффикса -ее.

  In Russian, the comparative degree is often formed with the suffix -ee.

• Сравнительная степень прилагательного "высокий" — "выше".

  The comparative degree of the adjective "high" is "higher".

• Учитель объяснил, как использовать сравнительную степень в предложениях.

  The teacher explained how to use the comparative degree in sentences.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

сравнительный (Adjective): This adjective follows standard Russian declension rules for adjectives. It agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case.

сравнительная степень (Noun Phrase): "Сравнительная" declines as a feminine adjective, and "степень" as a feminine noun. They agree in case and number.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for сравнительный:

• сопоставительный (used in similar analytical contexts, slightly more formal)

Antonyms for сравнительный:

• абсолютный (absolute, not relative or comparative)

Related Phrases:

• сравнительный анализ - Comparative analysis (used in research and studies).
• в сравнительной степени - In the comparative degree (grammatical context).
• сравнительная таблица - Comparative table (used for data comparison).

Usage Notes:

• "Сравнительный" is the go-to term for general contexts involving comparison, especially in academic or formal writing. It is an adjective and must agree with the noun it modifies.
• "Сравнительная степень" is a specialized grammatical term and should only be used when discussing the comparative form of adjectives or adverbs in linguistic contexts.
• Be mindful of the context when choosing between these translations, as using "сравнительная степень" outside of grammar discussions will sound odd or overly technical.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "сравнительная степень" to mean "comparative" in a general sense. Incorrect: "Это сравнительная степень исследование." Correct: "Это сравнительное исследование." Explanation: "Сравнительная степень" strictly refers to the grammatical form, not general comparison.
• Error: Failing to decline "сравнительный" to match the noun. Incorrect: "Сравнительный таблица." Correct: "Сравнительная таблица." Explanation: Adjectives in Russian must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian academic and linguistic contexts, the concept of comparison (both general and grammatical) is highly emphasized, especially in literature and language studies. The term "сравнительный" is frequently encountered in scholarly articles, reflecting a cultural appreciation for analytical depth.

Related Concepts:

• превосходная степень (superlative degree)
• анализ (analysis)
• сопоставление (juxtaposition/comparison)