Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Commerce'

English Word: Commerce

Key Russian Translations:

• коммерция [kɐˈmʲert͡sɪjə] - [Formal, Business Context]
• торговля [tɐrˈɡovlʲə] - [General, Often Refers to Trade]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in business and economic contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

коммерция: [kɐˈmʲert͡sɪjə]

Note on коммерция: Stress falls on the second syllable; the "ц" sound is a soft "ts".

торговля: [tɐrˈɡovlʲə]

Note on торговля: Stress on the second syllable; the "л" is palatalized (soft).

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Commerce as Business Activities

Translation(s) & Context:

• коммерция - Used in formal and business contexts to refer to commercial activities or dealings.

Usage Examples:

• Коммерция в этом регионе активно развивается.

  Commerce in this region is actively developing.

• Он занимается международной коммерцией.

  He is engaged in international commerce.

• Коммерция требует стратегического подхода.

  Commerce requires a strategic approach.

2. Commerce as Trade

Translation(s) & Context:

• торговля - Refers more specifically to trade, often retail or wholesale.

Usage Examples:

• Торговля между странами усилилась.

  Trade between countries has intensified.

• Розничная торговля страдает из-за пандемии.

  Retail commerce is suffering due to the pandemic.

• Торговля на рынке начинается рано утром.

  Trading at the market starts early in the morning.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

коммерция (Feminine Noun, 1st Declension):

торговля (Feminine Noun, 1st Declension):

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for коммерция:

• бизнес
• деловая деятельность

Note: "бизнес" is more informal and broader, while "деловая деятельность" is very formal.

Synonyms for торговля:

• сбыт
• обмен

Antonyms: (No direct antonyms, as the concept of commerce lacks a clear opposite in Russian.)

Related Phrases:

• международная коммерция - International commerce
• электронная коммерция - E-commerce
• розничная торговля - Retail trade
• оптовая торговля - Wholesale trade

Usage Notes:

• "Коммерция" is more abstract and formal, often used in written or official contexts to describe business dealings or economic activities.
• "Торговля" is more concrete and commonly used to refer to the act of trading goods or services, especially in everyday speech.
• Choose "коммерция" for discussions of commerce as a concept or industry, and "торговля" when referring to specific trading activities.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "коммерция" when referring to everyday shopping or trade.
  Incorrect: Я занимаюсь коммерцией на рынке.
  Correct: Я занимаюсь торговлей на рынке.
  Explanation: "Коммерция" is too formal for small-scale or personal trade; use "торговля" instead.
• Error: Misusing cases after prepositions.
  Incorrect: О коммерция в России.
  Correct: О коммерции в России.
  Explanation: The preposition "о" requires the prepositional case.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "торговля" often carries historical connotations related to markets and bazaars, reflecting Russia's long tradition of trade. "Коммерция," on the other hand, is a more modern term often associated with post-Soviet business developments and globalization.

Related Concepts:

• экономика (economy)
• рынок (market)
• бизнес (business)