Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Clinical'

English Word: clinical

Key Russian Translations:

• клинический [klʲɪˈnʲitɕɪskʲɪj] - [Formal, Medical Context]
• холодный [xɐˈlodnɨj] - [Informal, Figurative (e.g., detached tone)]

Frequency: Medium (often used in medical and academic contexts for "клинический"; less common for "холодный" in this sense)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "клинический"; A2 (Beginner-Intermediate) for "холодный"

Pronunciation (Russian):

клинический: [klʲɪˈnʲitɕɪskʲɪj]

Note on клинический: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "ч" sound is a soft "ch" as in "church."

холодный: [xɐˈlodnɨj]

Note on холодный: Stress Stress on the second syllable. The "х" is a guttural sound, similar to the Scottish "loch."

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Related to medical practice or observation

Translation(s) & Context:

• клинический - Used in medical, scientific, or academic contexts to describe something related to clinical observation or treatment.

Usage Examples:

• Клинические испытания нового лекарства начались в прошлом году.

  Clinical trials of the new drug started last year.

• Это клинический случай, требующий немедленного вмешательства.

  This is a clinical case requiring immediate intervention.

• Клиническая картина болезни стала яснее после анализов.

  The clinical picture of the disease became clearer after the tests.

2. Detached, objective, or emotionless (figurative)

Translation(s) & Context:

• холодный - Used figuratively to describe a detached or unemotional attitude or tone.

Usage Examples:

• Его холодный анализ ситуации удивил всех.

  His clinical analysis of the situation surprised everyone.

• Она говорила о трагедии с холодной точностью.

  She spoke about the tragedy with clinical precision.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

клинический (Adjective): Declines according to gender, number, and case in Russian. Below is the declension table for singular forms:

холодный (Adjective): Follows a similar declension pattern as "клинический." Refer to standard Russian adjective declension rules for full forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for клинический (medical context):

• медицинский
• терапевтический

Note: "медицинский" is broader, often referring to anything medical, while "клинический" specifically implies clinical settings or observations.

Synonyms for холодный (figurative context):

• бесстрастный
• отстранённый

Antonyms for холодный (figurative context):

• эмоциональный
• тёплый

Related Phrases:

• клиническая картина - Clinical picture (description of a disease based on observation).
• клинические исследования - Clinical research (studies conducted on patients).
• холодный взгляд - Clinical gaze (a detached, unemotional look).

Usage Notes:

• "клинический" is the primary and most direct translation of "clinical" in medical or scientific contexts. It should be used when referring to anything related to clinical practice or observation.
• "холодный" is a figurative translation and should only be used when "clinical" refers to a detached or emotionless tone or behavior. It is less common and context-dependent.
• Be mindful of the gender and case agreement when using these adjectives in Russian sentences, as they must match the noun they modify.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "холодный" in a medical context. For example, saying "холодное исследование" instead of "клиническое исследование" for "clinical research." Explanation: "холодный" implies coldness or detachment, not a medical context.
• Error: Failing to decline the adjective according to the noun it modifies. For example, using "клинический" with a feminine noun like "картина" without changing it to "клиническая." Correct: "клиническая картина."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the term "клинический" often carries a formal and professional connotation, frequently used in medical literature and discussions. It may also appear in everyday speech when discussing health issues, reflecting the importance of medical precision in Russian-speaking cultures. On the other hand, describing someone’s tone as "холодный" can sometimes imply a cultural critique of emotional reserve, as warmth and expressiveness are often valued in interpersonal communication.

Related Concepts:

• медицинский
• диагностика
• лечение