Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'cohesion'

English Word: cohesion

Key Russian Translations:

• сцепление [sʲɪˈt͡ɕeːnʲɪje] - [Formal, used in physical or mechanical contexts]
• когезия [kɐˈɡʲezʲɪjə] - [Technical, scientific, or linguistic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in scientific, technical, and linguistic discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and technical vocabulary; for сцепление, it's straightforward for intermediate learners, while когезия may be more challenging due to its borrowed nature)

Pronunciation (Russian):

сцепление: [sʲɪˈt͡ɕeːnʲɪje]

Note on сцепление: The stress falls on the second syllable ("це"), and the initial "с" is palatalized, which is a common feature in Russian words starting with consonants followed by "е". Pronunciation can vary slightly by region.

Audio: Listen to сцепление

когезия: [kɐˈɡʲezʲɪjə]

Note on когезия: This is a borrowed word from English/Greek, so it retains a more "foreign" sound in Russian. The stress is on the second syllable ("ге"), and the "г" is pronounced as a voiced velar fricative.

Audio: Listen to когезия

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The action or process of uniting or sticking together (e.g., in physical or social contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• сцепление - Used in mechanical or physical scenarios, such as describing how objects adhere; common in formal or technical writing.
• когезия - Applied in scientific fields like physics or linguistics to denote the property of cohesion in materials or text structure; often in academic contexts.

Usage Examples:

• В механике сцепление между частями машины обеспечивает её стабильность.

  In mechanics, the cohesion between the machine's parts ensures its stability.

• Сцепление молекул в жидкости приводит к повышению вязкости.

  The cohesion of molecules in a liquid leads to increased viscosity.

• Когезия текста помогает читателю лучше понимать повествование.

  Cohesion in text helps the reader better understand the narrative.

• В физике когезия объясняет, почему вода образует капли.

  In physics, cohesion explains why water forms droplets.

• Сцепление элементов конструкции предотвращает обрушение моста.

  The cohesion of structural elements prevents the bridge from collapsing.

Meaning 2: In linguistics, the grammatical and lexical linking of elements in a discourse.

Translation(s) & Context:

• когезия - Primarily used in linguistic analysis; suitable for academic or professional discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Когезия в предложении достигается через связующие слова, такие как "и" или "поэтому".

  Cohesion in a sentence is achieved through linking words like "and" or "therefore".

• Без когезии текст становится incoherent и трудным для понимания.

  Without cohesion, the text becomes incoherent and difficult to understand.

• Когезия помогает в создании coherentного повествования в литературе.

  Cohesion helps in creating a coherent narrative in literature.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns in Russian. сцепление is a neuter noun (3rd declension), while когезия is also neuter but often treated as an indeclinable borrowed word in modern usage.

For сцепление (regular declension):

For когезия (often indeclinable due to its foreign origin):

It remains unchanged in most cases: Nominative/Accusative: когезия; in other cases, it may be used as is or with minimal adaptation, e.g., Genitive: когезии (in some contexts).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • связность (svjaznost') - More general, often used in linguistic contexts; implies connectivity without physical sticking.
  • адгезия (adgeziya) - Similar to cohesion but specifically for adhesion between different substances.
• Antonyms:
  • рассыпчатость (rassypchatost') - Refers to a loose or fragmented state, opposite in physical contexts.
  • диссоциация (dissociaciya) - Used in scientific contexts to mean separation or dissociation.

Related Phrases:

• сцепление сил - The cohesion of forces; used in physics to describe combined strengths.
• когезия текста - Text cohesion; a key concept in Russian linguistics for analyzing discourse.
• нарушение сцепления - Disruption of cohesion; refers to breakdown in connections, e.g., in materials or narratives.

Usage Notes:

Cohesion translates to Russian as сцепление for physical or mechanical meanings and когезия for more abstract or scientific ones. Choose сцепление in everyday or technical descriptions of objects sticking together, as it aligns closely with English usage in engineering. Когезия is preferred in academic settings, like linguistics, where it denotes textual unity. Be mindful of context: Russian often requires declension, so adjust for case (e.g., genitive for possession). Avoid direct word-for-word translation; instead, consider the broader semantic field to ensure natural expression.

Common Errors:

• Confusing сцепление with адгезия: Learners might misuse сцепление when meaning adhesion (e.g., saying "сцепление" for glue sticking to a surface). Correct: Use адгезия for inter-surface sticking; сцепление for internal unity. Example of error: "Клей обеспечивает сцепление между стеной и обоями" (incorrect); Correct: "Клей обеспечивает адгезию между стеной и обоями".
• Overlooking declension: English speakers often forget to decline сцепление, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Error: "Я думаю о сцепление" (wrong); Correct: "Я думаю о сцеплении" (prepositional case).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific literature, terms like когезия reflect the influence of Western languages due to historical exchanges, especially during the Soviet era. This borrowing highlights Russia's engagement with global scientific communities, but native speakers might prefer more traditional words like сцепление in non-academic contexts to emphasize practicality over theoretical abstraction.

Related Concepts:

• адгезия
• связность
• диффузия