Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Chronology'

English Word: Chronology

Key Russian Translations:

• хронология [xrənɐˈloɡʲɪjə] - [Formal, Academic]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

хронология: [xrənɐˈloɡʲɪjə]

Note on хронология: Stress falls on the third syllable ("lo"). The initial "х" is a voiceless fricative, similar to the Scottish "loch".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The arrangement of events in order of occurrence (Historical or Narrative Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• хронология - Used in academic, historical, or formal contexts to describe the sequence of events.

Usage Examples:

• Хронология событий Второй мировой войны хорошо изучена.

  The chronology of events of World War II is well studied.

• Историки составили точную хронологию правления царя.

  Historians compiled an accurate chronology of the tsar's reign.

• В книге нарушена хронология, что затрудняет чтение.

  The chronology in the book is disrupted, which makes reading difficult.

• Хронология развития технологий впечатляет.

  The chronology of technological development is impressive.

• Мы должны восстановить хронологию событий для расследования.

  We must reconstruct the chronology of events for the investigation.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

хронология is a feminine noun in Russian. It follows the first declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in "-ия".

Note: This noun is rarely used in the plural form as it generally refers to an abstract concept.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• последовательность (sequence - often used for less formal contexts)
• временная шкала (timeline - more visual or graphic representation)

Antonyms:

• хаос (chaos - in the sense of disordered events)
• беспорядок (disorder - lack of sequence)

Related Phrases:

• хронология событий - Chronology of events (commonly used in historical or investigative contexts).
• историческая хронология - Historical chronology (refers specifically to timelines in history).
• нарушить хронологию - To disrupt the chronology (used when events are presented out of order).

Usage Notes:

• The Russian word "хронология" directly corresponds to the English "chronology" and is primarily used in formal or academic settings, such as history, science, or literature.
• It is not commonly used in everyday speech, where a simpler term like "последовательность" (sequence) might be preferred for informal contexts.
• Be mindful of the grammatical case when using "хронология" in a sentence, as Russian relies heavily on declensions to convey meaning.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "хронология" in casual conversation or for non-academic timelines. For example, saying "хронология моего дня" (chronology of my day) sounds overly formal and unnatural.
• Correction: Use "последовательность" or "распорядок" (schedule) for everyday contexts, e.g., "последовательность моего дня".
• Error: Incorrect case usage, such as using the nominative "хронология" after prepositions requiring other cases.
• Correction: Learn the declension table and use the appropriate form, e.g., "по хронологии" (according to the chronology, prepositional case).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian academic and historical contexts, "хронология" carries significant weight, especially when discussing the meticulous ordering of historical events. Russian historiography often emphasizes detailed chronologies due to the country's complex history, and the term is frequently encountered in educational materials and scholarly works.

Related Concepts:

• история (history)
• время (time)
• эпоха (epoch)
• период (period)