Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'centripetal'

English Word: centripetal

Key Russian Translations:

• центростремительный (/t͡sɛn.trɐˈstrʲɛ.mʲɪ.tʲɪlʲ.nɨj/) - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific and educational contexts, especially in physics, but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian adjective inflections, making it challenging for beginners but manageable for those with intermediate proficiency).

Pronunciation (Russian):

центростремительный: /t͡sɛn.trɐˈstrʲɛ.mʲɪ.tʲɪlʲ.nɨj/

Note on центростремительный: This word has a complex pronunciation due to its length and consonant clusters. The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("strʲɛ"), and the "щ" sound (as in "strʲɛ") can be tricky for English speakers, often pronounced like "sh" in "shoe" but with a softer, palatalized quality. Practice with native speakers for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Relating to a force or motion directed toward a center (e.g., in physics).

Translation(s) & Context:

• центростремительный - Used in formal scientific contexts, such as describing forces in mechanics or orbital motion. It emphasizes inward-directed movement or forces.

Usage Examples:

• В физике центростремительная сила удерживает планету на орбите.

  In physics, the centripetal force keeps the planet in orbit.

• Центростремительное ускорение зависит от скорости и радиуса кривой траектории.

  Centripetal acceleration depends on the speed and the radius of the curved trajectory.

• В вращающемся объекте центростремительная тенденция предотвращает распад.

  In a rotating object, the centripetal tendency prevents disintegration.

• Изучение центростремительных сил важно для понимания динамики движения.

  Studying centripetal forces is important for understanding the dynamics of motion.

• В эксперименте мы наблюдаем, как центростремительное воздействие изменяет траекторию.

  In the experiment, we observe how centripetal influence changes the trajectory.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Центростремительный is an adjective, which in Russian undergoes regular inflection based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ый/-ий. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective is regular, so it inflects predictably. For unchanging forms in certain contexts (e.g., in compounds), it remains in its base form.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • центрипетальный (less common, used in some technical translations; implies a similar inward force but with a more direct borrowing from English).
  • внутренне-ориентированный (more descriptive, used in broader contexts to convey inward direction).
• Antonyms:
  • центробежный (centrifugal; refers to forces directed away from the center, often contrasted in physics discussions).
  • внешне-ориентированный (outward-oriented; a more general term for outward motion).

Related Phrases:

• Центростремительная сила - Centripetal force; refers to the force that causes an object to follow a curved path.
• Центростремительное ускорение - Centripetal acceleration; the rate of change of velocity toward the center.
• Центростремительный эффект - Centripetal effect; used in discussions of motion or stability in systems.

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds directly to the English "centripetal" in scientific contexts, particularly physics, where it describes inward-directed forces. It is typically used in formal or academic settings, so avoid it in casual conversation. When choosing between translations like "центростремительный" and "центрипетальный," opt for the former as it is more standard in Russian scientific literature. Grammatically, ensure it agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case, as Russian adjectives must. For example, pair it with feminine nouns like "сила" (force) as "центростремительная сила."

Common Errors:

• Confusing it with "центробежный" (centrifugal): English learners often mix these due to their similarity. Incorrect: "Центробежная сила в орбите" (meaning "Centrifugal force in orbit"). Correct: "Центростремительная сила в орбите" (Centripetal force in orbit). Explanation: Centripetal forces pull inward, while centrifugal refers to outward forces, so context is key to avoid reversal.

• Forgetting inflection: Learners might use the base form everywhere, e.g., saying "центростремительный" for a feminine noun. Incorrect: "Центростремительный траектория" (wrong gender agreement). Correct: "Центростремительная траектория." Explanation: Always adjust the ending based on the noun's gender and case.

Cultural Notes:

As a term rooted in physics, "центростремительный" doesn't carry strong cultural connotations in Russian everyday life. However, it reflects Russia's emphasis on scientific education, stemming from historical figures like Newton (influential in Russian academia). In broader contexts, it might symbolize stability or centralization in discussions of politics or society, though this is metaphorical and not literal.

Related Concepts:

• центробежный
• ускорение
• сила тяжести
• орбитальное движение