Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'catalysis'

English Word: catalysis

Key Russian Translations:

• катализ [kətɐˈlʲiz] - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (primarily used in scientific, academic, and technical contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Upper Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

катализ: [kətɐˈlʲiz]

Note on катализ: The stress falls on the second syllable ('lʲiz'). Be mindful of the soft 'l' sound, which is common in Russian and may be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a clear, palatalized 'l' as in 'luxury'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Translation(s) & Context:

• катализ - Used in formal scientific, chemical, or educational contexts to describe acceleration of reactions.

Usage Examples:

• В химии катализ играет ключевую роль в ускорении реакций.

  In chemistry, catalysis plays a key role in speeding up reactions.

• Без катализа многие промышленные процессы были бы слишком медленными.

  Without catalysis, many industrial processes would be too slow.

• Ученые изучают катализ для улучшения экологически чистых технологий.

  Scientists study catalysis to improve environmentally friendly technologies.

• Катализ в биохимии часто включает ферменты, как в метаболизме.

  Catalysis in biochemistry often involves enzymes, as in metabolism.

• Применение катализа в нефтехимии позволяет повысить эффективность производства.

  The application of catalysis in petrochemistry allows for increased production efficiency.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Катализ" is a masculine noun of the second declension in Russian. It follows regular patterns for most cases but has no irregularities. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: As a scientific term, it is often used in its base form and does not change in compound phrases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • каталитический процесс (catalytic process; emphasizes the mechanism)
  • ускорение реакции (reaction acceleration; more descriptive in general contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • ингибирование (inhibition; the process of slowing down reactions)

Related Phrases:

• катализатор - A substance that causes catalysis; used in chemical engineering.
• ферментный катализ - Enzymatic catalysis; common in biological contexts.
• промышленный катализ - Industrial catalysis; refers to applications in manufacturing.

Usage Notes:

"Катализ" directly corresponds to the English "catalysis" in scientific contexts, but it is more commonly used in formal or academic Russian. English speakers should note that Russian often pairs it with specific prepositions, such as "в катализе" (in catalysis) for discussions. When choosing between translations, use "катализ" for precise chemical meanings; avoid it in casual speech. Grammatically, ensure correct case agreement, e.g., in genitive constructions like "роль катализа" (the role of catalysis).

Common Errors:

• Confusing "катализ" with "катализатор": Learners might misuse "катализ" to mean "catalyst." Error: "Катализ ускоряет реакцию." (Incorrect, as "катализ" is the process, not the agent.) Correct: "Катализатор ускоряет реакцию." Explanation: "Катализ" refers to the phenomenon, while "катализатор" is the substance.

• Incorrect inflection: Forgetting to change cases, e.g., using nominative in all contexts. Error: "О катализ" instead of "О катализе." Correct: "О катализе" (prepositional case). Explanation: Always adjust for case to match sentence structure in Russian.

Cultural Notes:

"Катализ" is a borrowed term from Greek via English and German, reflecting Russia's historical engagement with Western science. It doesn't carry specific cultural connotations but is prominent in Russian scientific literature, especially in fields like chemistry pioneered by figures such as Dmitri Mendeleev, emphasizing Russia's contributions to global science.

Related Concepts:

• химия (chemistry)
• реакция (reaction)
• катализатор (catalyst)
• фермент (enzyme)