Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'carving'

English Word: carving

Key Russian Translations:

• резьба [ˈrʲezbə] - [Formal, often used in artistic or technical contexts]
• вырезка [vɨˈrʲeskə] - [Informal, more casual or metaphorical use]

Frequency: Medium (Common in artistic, historical, or craft-related discussions, but not everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian nouns and cases, as it involves feminine declensions).

Pronunciation (Russian):

резьба: [ˈrʲezbə] (The 'р' is rolled, and the 'з' is soft; stress on the first syllable).

вырезка: [vɨˈrʲeskə] (Soft 'р' sound; stress on the second syllable, common in spoken Russian).

Note on резьба: Be cautious with the soft 'з' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it blends into the following vowel.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The art or process of cutting shapes or designs into a hard material, such as wood, stone, or ivory.

Translation(s) & Context:

• резьба - Used in formal contexts like art history or craftsmanship, e.g., describing traditional Russian woodwork.
• вырезка - Applied in informal or metaphorical settings, such as casual descriptions of DIY projects.

Usage Examples:

• Эта резьба на дереве была сделана мастером в XIX веке.

  This carving on the wood was made by a master in the 19th century.

• В музее выставлена красивая резьба по камню из Сибири.

  In the museum, there is a beautiful stone carving from Siberia.

• Он увлекается вырезкой фигурок из дерева в свободное время.

  He enjoys carving figurines out of wood in his free time.

• Резьба по кости — это древнее искусство, популярное в России.

  Bone carving is an ancient art form popular in Russia.

• Вырезка узоров на металле требует специальных инструментов.

  Carving patterns into metal requires special tools.

Meaning 2: A carved object or the result of carving (e.g., a sculpture).

Translation(s) & Context:

• резьба - In contexts involving finished products, like in museums or cultural discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Эта резьба из слоновой кости стоит в центре зала.

  This ivory carving is displayed in the center of the hall.

• Художник представил свою новую резьбу на выставке.

  The artist presented his new carving at the exhibition.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Резьба" is a feminine noun in Russian, following the standard first declension pattern. It has regular inflections based on case and number. Below is a table for its declensions:

For "вырезка", it is also a feminine noun with similar regular inflections, but it is less commonly inflected in everyday use.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • резка (rezka) - More general cutting, but with a focus on precision.
  • гравировка (gravirowka) - Specifically for engraving, often on metal.
• Antonyms:
  • литье (lit'e) - Casting, as opposed to carving from a solid material.
  • рисование (risovaniye) - Drawing, for a non-sculptural art form.

Related Phrases:

• Деревенская резьба - Village carving (Refers to traditional folk art in rural Russian settings).
• Резьба по дереву - Wood carving (A common craft technique in Russian culture).
• Художественная резьба - Artistic carving (Emphasizes the aesthetic aspect in professional contexts).

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "резьба" directly corresponds to the English "carving" in artistic contexts, but it's more commonly used for tangible crafts rather than metaphorical ones. Always consider the gender of the noun (feminine) when constructing sentences, as it affects adjectives and verbs. For example, use "красивая резьба" (beautiful carving) instead of a masculine form. If choosing between translations, opt for "резьба" in formal writing and "вырезка" in everyday speech. Be mindful of regional variations; in Siberia, it's often linked to indigenous art forms.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "резьба" without proper case agreement, e.g., saying "Я вижу резьба" instead of "Я вижу резьбу" (accusative case).

  Correct: "Я вижу резьбу." Explanation: Russian requires nouns to change based on case; here, it's the direct object, so accusative is needed.

• Error: Confusing "резьба" with "резка" (cutting), leading to misuse in artistic descriptions.

  Correct: Use "резьба" for carving art; "резка" for simple cutting. Explanation: This distinction prevents semantic overlap and ensures precise communication.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "резьба" is deeply tied to folk traditions, such as the intricate wood carvings found in regions like the Urals or Siberia. These often feature in decorative items like matryoshka dolls or house ornaments, symbolizing heritage and craftsmanship. Historically, it reflects pre-Soviet artisan skills, adding a layer of national pride to the term.

Related Concepts:

• скульптура (sculpture)
• декоративное искусство (decorative art)
• народные промыслы (folk crafts)