Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'calculation'

English Word: calculation

Key Russian Translations:

• расчёт [rɐˈʂːot] - [Formal, Common]
• вычисление [vɨʂːɨˈlʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, Technical]
• подсчёт [pɐtˈʂːot] - [Informal, Everyday]

Frequency: Medium to High (commonly used in various contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "расчёт" and "подсчёт"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "вычисление"

Pronunciation (Russian):

расчёт: [rɐˈʂːot]

Note on расчёт: The stress falls on the second syllable. The "щ" sound is a soft, hissing "shch" unique to Russian.

вычисление: [vɨʂːɨˈlʲenʲɪje]

Note on вычисление: The stress is on the third syllable. The "ы" vowel is a distinct Russian sound, pronounced with the tongue pulled back.

подсчёт: [pɐtˈʂːot]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The act of calculating numbers or data (mathematical or logical)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вычисление - Used in technical, scientific, or mathematical contexts.
• расчёт - General use for calculations, often in planning or estimation.

Usage Examples:

• Это вычисление требует точности.

  This calculation requires precision.

• Расчёт стоимости проекта занял неделю.

  The calculation of the project cost took a week.

• Мы провели сложные вычисления для эксперимента.

  We performed complex calculations for the experiment.

2. Counting or tallying (often informal or quick estimation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• подсчёт - Used for informal counting or quick estimates.

Usage Examples:

• Подсчёт голосов завершён.

  The vote count is complete.

• Я сделал быстрый подсчёт расходов.

  I made a quick calculation of expenses.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

расчёт (noun, masculine):

вычисление (noun, neuter): Follows regular neuter noun declension patterns.

подсчёт (noun, masculine): Similar to "расчёт" with regular masculine declension.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for расчёт:

• исчисление (formal, rare)
• оценка (estimation)

Note: "оценка" often implies a less precise or subjective calculation.

Antonyms:

• приблизительность (approximation)

Related Phrases:

• расчёт на успех - counting on success
• точный расчёт - precise calculation
• подсчёт баллов - score counting
• вычисление данных - data computation

Usage Notes:

• "расчёт" is the most versatile translation, suitable for financial, planning, or general calculations.
• "вычисление" is more specific to technical or computational contexts and may sound overly formal in everyday speech.
• "подсчёт" is often used for quick, informal counting or tallying, such as counting votes or items.
• Pay attention to the context to choose the correct term, as direct translation might lead to awkward phrasing.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "вычисление" in casual conversation (e.g., "Я сделал вычисление денег").
  Correct: Use "подсчёт" or "расчёт" instead (e.g., "Я сделал подсчёт денег").
  Explanation: "вычисление" is too formal and technical for everyday topics like money counting.
• Error: Incorrect stress in pronunciation, such as stressing the first syllable of "расчёт" as [ˈrɐʂːot].
  Correct: Stress the second syllable [rɐˈʂːot].
  Explanation: Misplaced stress can change the meaning or make the word sound unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "расчёт" often carries a connotation of strategic thinking or planning, not just mathematical calculation. It can be used in contexts like "расчёт на будущее" (planning for the future), reflecting a pragmatic approach common in Russian discourse.

Related Concepts:

• анализ (analysis)
• оценка (evaluation)
• прогноз (forecast)