Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bruise'

English Word: bruise

Key Russian Translations:

• синяк [sʲɪˈnʲak] - [Informal, Common for visible mark on skin]
• ушиб [ʊˈʂɨp] - [Formal, Refers to the injury or contusion]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday contexts)

Difficulty: A2 (Beginner-Intermediate for both translations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

синяк: [sʲɪˈnʲak]

Note on синяк: Stress falls on the second syllable. The 'я' sound is a distinct vowel in Russian, pronounced like 'ya'.

ушиб: [ʊˈʂɨp]

Note on ушиб: Stress on the first syllable. The 'ш' sound is a retroflex fricative, similar to 'sh' but harder.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A visible mark on the skin caused by injury (noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• синяк - Used for the discoloration or mark on the skin after a blow or injury.

Usage Examples:

• У меня на руке большой синяк после падения.

  I have a big bruise on my arm after the fall.

• Синяк под глазом выглядит ужасно!

  The bruise under the eye looks terrible!

• Синяки на ногах появились после игры в футбол.

  Bruises on my legs appeared after playing football.

2. An injury or contusion without breaking the skin (noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ушиб - Refers to the injury itself, often used in medical or formal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Врач сказал, что это просто ушиб, ничего серьезного.

  The doctor said it's just a bruise, nothing serious.

• Ушиб колена может быть болезненным, но пройдет.

  A bruise on the knee can be painful, but it will heal.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

синяк (noun, masculine): Follows regular masculine noun declension in Russian.

ушиб (noun, masculine): Follows regular masculine noun declension in Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for синяк:

• гематома (more medical term for bruise)
• пятно (general term for mark or spot, less common)

Note: "гематома" is more formal and often used in medical contexts, while "пятно" is less specific to injuries.

Synonyms for ушиб:

• повреждение (general term for injury)
• травма (broader term for trauma or injury)

Antonyms: None directly applicable, as "bruise" lacks a clear opposite in Russian.

Related Phrases:

• получить синяк - to get a bruise (commonly used for minor injuries)
• синяк под глазом - a black eye (specific to facial bruises, often from a fight)
• ушиб мягких тканей - contusion of soft tissues (formal, medical context)

Usage Notes:

• "синяк" is the more common and informal term for the visible mark of a bruise, while "ушиб" refers to the injury itself and is used in formal or medical contexts.
• Be mindful of context when choosing between the two translations. For example, in casual conversation, use "синяк" to describe a mark on the skin; in a doctor’s office, "ушиб" is more appropriate.
• Both nouns are masculine and follow regular declension patterns, so they are relatively easy to use grammatically once learned.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "синяк" in formal or medical contexts. Incorrect: "У меня синяк колена, доктор." Correct: "У меня ушиб колена, доктор." (Translation: "I have a bruise on my knee, doctor.") Explanation: "синяк" sounds too casual for a medical setting.
• Error: Confusing the plural forms. Incorrect: "У меня много синяков на руках." (Incorrect stress or form). Correct: Ensure proper stress and form as shown in the declension table.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, visible bruises like "синяк под глазом" (a black eye) can sometimes carry social stigma, often associated with fights or domestic issues. Be cautious when discussing such topics, as they might be sensitive.

Related Concepts:

• рана (wound)
• ссадина (abrasion)
• травма (injury)