Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bowel'

English Word: bowel

Key Russian Translations:

• кишка [ˈkʲiʂkə] - [Formal, Anatomical context]
• кишечник [kʲɪˈʂeʲnʲɪk] - [Formal, More general or medical usage]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific discussions but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian noun declensions and vocabulary related to human anatomy)

Pronunciation (Russian):

кишка: [ˈkʲiʂkə]

Note on кишка: The 'ш' sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, similar to the 'sh' in English 'shoe'. Be mindful of the soft 'к' due to the palatalization.

Audio: []

кишечник: [kʲɪˈʂeʲnʲɪk]

Note on кишечник: Stress falls on the second syllable; the 'е' is pronounced as a short 'e' sound, and the word ends with a soft 'н'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Anatomical term referring to the intestine or part of the digestive system

Translation(s) & Context:

• кишка - Used in formal medical or biological contexts to describe the bowel as a tube-like organ; common in scientific literature or health discussions.
• кишечник - A broader term for the intestines, often in educational or diagnostic settings; implies the entire intestinal system.

Usage Examples:

• В человеческом теле кишка играет ключевую роль в пищеварении.

  In the human body, the bowel plays a key role in digestion.

• Во время операции хирург удалил поврежденную кишку.

  During the surgery, the surgeon removed the damaged bowel.

• Кишечник может быть подвержен различным заболеваниям, таким как аппендицит.

  The bowel can be susceptible to various diseases, such as appendicitis.

• Здоровье кишки напрямую влияет на общее самочувствие человека.

  The health of the bowel directly affects a person's overall well-being.

• В рационе важно включать продукты, полезные для кишечника, чтобы предотвратить проблемы.

  It's important to include foods that are beneficial for the bowel to prevent issues.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "кишка" and "кишечник" are feminine nouns in Russian. "Кишка" follows the first declension pattern for feminine nouns, while "кишечник" is a common noun that declines regularly. Below is a table outlining the key inflections:

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • кишечник (similar to the primary translation, but more encompassing)
  • желудочно-кишечный тракт (used in very formal contexts to mean the entire digestive tract; implies a broader system)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as this is an anatomical term without clear opposites.

Related Phrases:

• Тонкая кишка - Thin or small intestine; refers to the upper part of the bowel system.
• Желудочно-кишечный тракт - Gastrointestinal tract; a phrase encompassing the entire digestive system, including the bowel.
• Кишечная флора - Gut flora; used in discussions about bowel health and microbiology.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "кишка" and "кишечник" directly correspond to the English "bowel" in medical contexts, but "кишка" is more precise for individual sections, while "кишечник" is broader. Use "кишка" in formal anatomical descriptions and avoid in casual conversation to prevent misunderstandings. Be aware of gender agreement: as feminine nouns, they must agree with adjectives and verbs accordingly (e.g., "больная кишка" for "sick bowel"). When choosing between translations, opt for "кишечник" if referring to the system as a whole.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using the wrong case, e.g., saying "в кишка" instead of "в кишке" (correct: in the dative case for location).
  Correct: "в кишке" - Explanation: Russian requires proper declension; learners often forget to change the ending based on the preposition.
• Mistake: Confusing with "кишка" meaning "hose" in non-medical contexts (e.g., a water hose).
  Correct: In anatomical discussions, specify context to avoid ambiguity; always pair with medical terms for clarity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like "кишка" are primarily neutral and scientific, with no significant cultural connotations. However, discussions around bowel health are common in everyday health education, reflecting a broader cultural emphasis on preventive medicine in Russian-speaking societies.

Related Concepts:

• желудок
• печень
• аппендицит