Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'blood'

English Word: blood

Key Russian Translations:

• кровь [krofʲ] - [Common, Neutral]

Frequency: High

Difficulty: A2 (Beginner-Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

кровь: [krofʲ]

Note on кровь: The final consonant 'вь' is palatalized, which might be challenging for non-native speakers. Stress falls on the single syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Literal Meaning (Biological Fluid)

Translation(s) & Context:

• кровь - Used to refer to the biological fluid in humans and animals.

Usage Examples:

• У него пошла кровь из носа.

  He had a nosebleed (lit. Blood came from his nose).

• Анализ крови показал высокий уровень сахара.

  The blood test showed high sugar levels.

• Она сдала кровь для донорства.

  She donated blood.

2. Figurative Meaning (Kinship or Heritage)

Translation(s) & Context:

• кровь - Used metaphorically to denote family ties or lineage.

Usage Examples:

• В его жилах течёт русская кровь.

  Russian blood flows in his veins.

• Мы одной крови.

  We are of the same blood (i.e., closely related).

Russian Forms/Inflections:

кровь is a feminine noun (3rd declension) with irregular declension patterns. It changes forms based on case and number.

Note: The plural form is rarely used as "blood" is typically an uncountable noun in Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• нет (No direct synonyms for the literal meaning; context-specific terms may apply)

Note: For figurative meanings (e.g., lineage), related terms like "род" (kin) might be used.

Antonyms:

• нет (No direct antonyms)

Related Phrases:

• кровь с молоком - Lit. "blood with milk"; means someone looks healthy with rosy cheeks.
• кровь стынет в жилах - Lit. "blood freezes in the veins"; means to be terrified or horrified.
• пролить кровь - Lit. "to spill blood"; means to cause violence or death.

Usage Notes:

• The word "кровь" is used both literally (biological fluid) and figuratively (kinship or heritage) in Russian, similar to English.
• It is always singular in most contexts, even when referring to blood in a general sense.
• Be mindful of idiomatic expressions, as they often carry cultural weight and cannot be translated literally.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using plural forms of "кровь" when referring to blood in general.
  Incorrect: "крови" as a plural nominative form in a general sense.
  Correct: Always use "кровь" in singular for general contexts, e.g., "Кровь красная" (Blood is red).
• Error: Mispronouncing the palatalized 'вь' sound.
  Incorrect: Pronouncing it as [krov].
  Correct: It should be [krofʲ], with a soft 'v' sound.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "кровь" often appears in literature and folklore as a symbol of life, sacrifice, or family bonds. Expressions like "кровь стынет в жилах" (blood freezes in the veins) are commonly used to express extreme fear, reflecting a deep cultural association with blood as a vital essence.

Related Concepts:

• жизнь (life)
• род (kin, lineage)
• сердце (heart)