Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bigotry'

English Word: bigotry

Key Russian Translations:

• предубеждение [prʲɪdʊˈbʲeʐdʲɪnʲɪje] - [Formal, often used in discussions of social or psychological issues]
• фанатизм [fəˈnatʲɪzm] - [Informal, implying extreme or irrational prejudice]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in media, literature, and debates on social issues, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it requires understanding of nuanced social concepts; for 'предубеждение', it's B2 due to its abstract nature, while 'фанатизм' is also B2 but slightly easier in emotional contexts)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предубеждение: [prʲɪdʊˈbʲeʐdʲɪnʲɪje]

Note on предубеждение: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ('beʐdʲ'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants; practice with native audio for accuracy.

фанатизм: [fəˈnatʲɪzm]

Note on фанатизм: The initial 'f' is pronounced softly, and the stress is on the second syllable; common variations in rapid speech may soften the 'tʲ' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Intolerance or prejudice against a group based on factors like race, religion, or beliefs.

Translation(s) & Context:

• предубеждение - Used in formal or academic contexts, such as sociological discussions, to describe deep-seated biases.
• фанатизм - Applied in informal or emotional contexts, like everyday conversations about extremism or irrational hatred.

Usage Examples:

• Его предубеждение против разных культур мешает ему строить нормальные отношения.

  His bigotry against different cultures prevents him from building normal relationships.

• Фанатизм в его взглядах на религию приводит к конфликтам с окружающими.

  The bigotry in his religious views leads to conflicts with those around him.

• Общество должно бороться с предубеждением, чтобы обеспечить равенство для всех.

  Society must fight bigotry to ensure equality for all.

• Её фанатизм по отношению к политическим оппонентам очевиден в её речах.

  Her bigotry toward political opponents is evident in her speeches.

• Предубеждение часто коренится в невежестве и страхе перед неизвестным.

  Bigotry often stems from ignorance and fear of the unknown.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'предубеждение' (neuter noun) and 'фанатизм' (masculine noun) follow standard Russian inflection patterns. 'Предубеждение' is a neuter noun and inflects regularly across cases and numbers, while 'фанатизм' is masculine and also regular but can vary slightly in plural forms.

Note: These are regular inflections; no irregular forms are present, making them straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: шовинизм (more specific to nationalism, with a connotation of aggressive superiority), расизм (focused on racial prejudice)
• Antonyms: толерантность (tolerance, emphasizing acceptance), объективность (objectivity, highlighting impartiality)

Related Phrases:

• Расовая дискриминация - Racial discrimination, often linked to bigotry in contexts of social inequality.
• Религиозный фанатизм - Religious bigotry, referring to extreme and intolerant religious views.
• Социальное предубеждение - Social bigotry, used in discussions about societal biases and stereotypes.

Usage Notes:

'Предубеждение' is the more precise and formal equivalent of 'bigotry' in Russian, often used in written or academic settings to discuss systemic prejudice, while 'фанатизм' carries a stronger emotional tone and is better for informal conversations about personal extremism. English speakers should note that Russian vocabulary for bigotry often implies a deeper cultural or historical context, such as post-Soviet discussions on nationalism. When choosing between translations, opt for 'предубеждение' in neutral or educational contexts and 'фанатизм' when emphasizing irrationality. Grammatically, both nouns require appropriate case agreement with modifiers.

Common Errors:

• Common mistake: Using 'предубеждение' interchangeably with 'фанатизм' without considering context, e.g., saying "Его фанатизм против еды" (His bigotry against food) when it should be "предубеждение" for a milder bias. Correct usage: "Его предубеждение против еды" – This error stems from overlooking the intensity implied by 'фанатизм'.

• Another error: Incorrect inflection, such as using the nominative form in all cases, e.g., "из-за предубеждение" instead of "из-за предубеждения". Correct: Always adjust for genitive case in such phrases, as in "из-за предубеждения".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'предубеждение' and 'фанатизм' often evoke historical contexts such as the Soviet era's promotion of internationalism versus post-Soviet nationalism. Bigotry related to ethnicity or religion can be sensitive, tied to events like the Chechen conflicts or immigration debates, highlighting the need for cultural awareness when using these words in conversation.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация
• ксенофобия
• шовинизм