Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'avoidance'

English Word: avoidance

Key Russian Translations:

• избежание [ɪzˈbʲeʐənʲɪje] - [Formal, Singular]
• уклонение [ʊkɫɐˈnʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, often in legal or strategic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in written and formal Russian, less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and contextual usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

избежание: [ɪzˈbʲeʐənʲɪje]

уклонение: [ʊkɫɐˈnʲenʲɪje]

Note on избежание: The stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the palatalized 'bʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. Variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The act of avoiding something undesirable or dangerous

Translation(s) & Context:

• избежание - Used in formal contexts like psychology or risk management, e.g., avoiding conflict.
• уклонение - Applied in legal or evasive scenarios, such as tax avoidance.

Usage Examples:

• Его избежание конфликта помогло сохранить мир в семье.

  His avoidance of conflict helped maintain peace in the family.

• В повседневной жизни уклонение от проблем может привести к большим трудностям.

  In everyday life, avoidance of problems can lead to bigger difficulties.

• Стратегия избежания риска часто используется в бизнесе.

  The strategy of risk avoidance is often used in business.

• Её уклонение от ответственности было замечено коллегами.

  Her avoidance of responsibility was noticed by her colleagues.

• Избежание вредных привычек — ключ к здоровью.

  Avoidance of harmful habits is the key to health.

The state of keeping away from something

Translation(s) & Context:

• избежание - In personal or emotional contexts, implying deliberate distance.

Usage Examples:

• Его избежание социальных событий вызвано тревогой.

  His avoidance of social events is caused by anxiety.

• В психологии избежание боли — естественная реакция.

  In psychology, avoidance of pain is a natural reaction.

• Избежание прямого взгляда может указывать на неуверенность.

  Avoidance of direct eye contact can indicate uncertainty.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "избежание" and "уклонение" are neuter nouns in Russian, following the standard third declension pattern. They are inflected based on case, number, and gender. Nouns like these do not change in the nominative singular but vary in other forms.

For "уклонение", the inflections are similar: Nominative Singular - уклонение; Genitive Singular - уклонения; etc. These nouns are regular and do not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • уклон (uklon) - More informal, implying evasion without full avoidance.
  • избегание (izbeganie) - Similar but often used in broader contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • прямое действие (pryamoe deystvie) - Direct action, opposite in confrontational scenarios.
  • вовлечение (vovlechenie) - Involvement, contrasting with withdrawal.

Related Phrases:

• Избежание ответственности - Avoidance of responsibility; often used in professional or legal discussions to describe shirking duties.
• Уклонение от налогов - Tax avoidance; a common phrase in financial contexts, implying legal or illegal maneuvers.
• Стратегия избежания - Avoidance strategy; refers to planned methods in psychology or business to sidestep issues.

Usage Notes:

"Избежание" and "уклонение" both translate to "avoidance" but differ subtly: "избежание" is more neutral and general, while "уклонение" carries a connotation of deliberate evasion, often with negative implications. Choose "уклонение" for contexts involving deception or legal matters. In Russian, these nouns must agree in case with surrounding elements, e.g., use genitive for possession. English speakers should note that Russian often requires prepositions like "от" (from) for specifying what is being avoided, as in "избежание от риска".

• Always consider the formality: "Избежание" is suitable for academic writing, while everyday speech might use simpler alternatives.
• For multiple translations, select based on context to ensure precision and idiomatic expression.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "избежание" with "избегание", thinking they are identical. Error: Using "избегание" in formal contexts where "избежание" is more appropriate. Correct: "Избежание" for noun forms; "избегать" for the verb. Another mistake is incorrect declension, e.g., saying "избежания" in nominative case instead of genitive. Example of error: "Я видел избежания" (incorrect); Correct: "Я видел избежание" (for singular nominative).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like "уклонение" from duties can evoke historical contexts, such as during the Soviet era when avoidance of state obligations was frowned upon and often penalized. This adds a layer of social stigma, making the word carry implications of moral or civic irresponsibility beyond its literal meaning.

Related Concepts:

• риск (risk)
• конфликт (conflict)
• ответственность (responsibility)