Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'available'

English Word: available

Key Russian Translations:

• доступный [dɐˈstupnɨj] - [Formal, General Use]
• свободный [svɐˈbodnɨj] - [Informal, Often for Time or Availability of People]
• имеющийся в наличии [ɪˈmʲeɪʂːɪjsʲə v nɐˈlʲiːtɕɪ] - [Formal, Often for Items or Stock]

Frequency: High (especially "доступный" and "свободный")

Difficulty: A2-B1 (Beginner-Intermediate for "доступный" and "свободный"; B2 for "имеющийся в наличии")

Pronunciation (Russian):

доступный: [dɐˈstupnɨj]

Note on доступный: Stress falls on the second syllable. The "ы" sound is a unique Russian vowel, pronounced as a short, central "i".

свободный: [svɐˈbodnɨj]

Note on свободный: Stress on the second syllable. Ensure the "в" is pronounced softly before "о".

имеющийся в наличии: [ɪˈmʲeɪʂːɪjsʲə v nɐˈlʲiːtɕɪ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Able to be used or obtained (General Availability)

Translation(s) & Context:

• доступный - Used for resources, information, or items that can be accessed or obtained.
• имеющийся в наличии - Specifically for physical items in stock or present.

Usage Examples:

• Эта книга доступна в библиотеке.

  This book is available in the library.

• У нас есть доступные билеты на концерт.

  We have available tickets for the concert.

• Товар имеется в наличии на складе.

  The product is available in stock at the warehouse.

2. Free to be contacted or to meet (Personal Availability)

Translation(s) & Context:

• свободный - Used when referring to someone’s time or availability to meet or talk.

Usage Examples:

• Ты свободен завтра вечером?

  Are you available tomorrow evening?

• Я свободен после обеда, если тебе нужно поговорить.

  I’m available after lunch if you need to talk.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

доступный (Adjective): Declines according to gender, number, and case in Russian grammar.

свободный (Adjective): Follows similar declension patterns as "доступный".

имеющийся в наличии (Phrase): Does not inflect as it is a fixed expression, though "имеющийся" can change based on gender/number in other contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for "доступный":

• открытый (open, accessible)
• возможный (possible, feasible)

Note: "открытый" often implies openness rather than availability of items.

Antonyms for "доступный":

• недоступный (unavailable, inaccessible)
• закрытый (closed, restricted)

Related Phrases:

• быть доступным для всех - To be available to everyone.
• свободное время - Free time (availability of time).
• нет в наличии - Not available (out of stock).

Usage Notes:

• "доступный" is the most versatile translation for "available" and can be used in most contexts involving resources or general access.
• "свободный" is more personal and often relates to time or someone’s schedule; it should not be used for items or products.
• "имеющийся в наличии" is formal and specific to inventory or physical presence, often seen in business or retail contexts.

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using "свободный" for items or products. Incorrect: "Этот товар свободен." Correct: "Этот товар доступен." Explanation: "свободный" refers to personal availability or freedom, not objects.

Error 2: Overusing "имеющийся в наличии" in casual speech. Incorrect: "У меня имеется в наличии время." Correct: "У меня есть свободное время." Explanation: This phrase is too formal for everyday conversation.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of availability, especially personal availability ("свободный"), can be tied to hospitality and openness. Asking someone if they are "свободен" often implies a desire for connection or help, and Russians may prioritize making time even if they are busy.

Related Concepts:

• наличие (presence, stock)
• доступ (access)
• свобода (freedom)