Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'atrophy'

English Word: atrophy

Key Russian Translations:

• Атрофия [ˈatrəfʲɪjə] - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with medical terminology and basic Russian grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Атрофия: [ˈatrəfʲɪjə]

Note on Атрофия: The stress is on the second syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'f' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a soft 'y' glide after 'r'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The wasting away of body tissue or an organ, often due to disease or lack of use.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Атрофия - Used in formal medical or biological contexts to describe the degeneration of muscles, organs, or tissues, often in scientific literature or clinical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Мышцы подверглись атрофии из-за длительной неподвижности.

  The muscles underwent atrophy due to prolonged immobility.

• В старческом возрасте часто наблюдается атрофия костной ткани.

  In old age, atrophy of bone tissue is often observed.

• Атрофия мозга может привести к серьезным когнитивным нарушениям.

  Brain atrophy can lead to serious cognitive impairments.

• Из-за недостатка физических нагрузок произошла атрофия мышечной массы.

  Due to a lack of physical exercise, there was atrophy of muscle mass.

• Лечение включало меры по предотвращению атрофии конечностей.

  Treatment included measures to prevent atrophy of the limbs.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Атрофия is a feminine noun (feminine singular nominative form). It follows the standard first declension pattern for Russian nouns, with changes based on case and number. It is regular but requires attention to vowel harmony and soft endings.

Note: This noun does not have irregular forms, but ensure correct article and adjective agreement (e.g., эта атрофия - this atrophy).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Дегенерация (deheneratsiya) - Similar, but often implies a broader process of deterioration; used in medical contexts.
  • Истощение (istoshcheniye) - Emphasizes exhaustion or depletion, less specific to structural loss.
• Antonyms:
  • Гипертрофия (gipertrofiya) - Refers to enlargement or overgrowth of tissues.
  • Гиперплазия (giperplaziya) - Involves an increase in cell number, contrasting with tissue loss.

Related Phrases:

• Мышечная атрофия - Muscular atrophy; refers to the wasting of muscle tissue, common in neurology.
• Костная атрофия - Bone atrophy; used in contexts of osteoporosis or aging-related conditions.
• Атрофия органов - Atrophy of organs; a general phrase for organ-specific degeneration in medical reports.

Usage Notes:

Атрофия directly corresponds to the English "atrophy" in medical and scientific fields, but it's a formal term not used in casual conversation. Always pair it with appropriate context, such as specifying which tissue or organ is affected (e.g., "мышцевая атрофия"). In Russian, nouns like this require correct case agreement; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like "из-за" (due to). When choosing between synonyms, opt for атрофия if the focus is on structural loss rather than general weakening.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Using атрофия interchangeably with истощение without considering context. Incorrect: "Истощение мышц от атрофии" (This mixes terms awkwardly). Correct: "Атрофия мышц привела к истощению." Explanation: Атрофия specifically means structural wasting, while истощение means exhaustion; use them distinctly to avoid confusion in medical writing.

• Common Error: Forgetting case endings, e.g., saying "из атрофия" instead of "из-за атрофии." Correct: "Из-за атрофии возникли проблемы." Explanation: Russian requires the genitive case after "из-за," so always adjust the noun form accordingly.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical literature and culture, terms like атрофия are heavily influenced by historical Soviet-era science, emphasizing precise diagnostic language. It's commonly discussed in contexts of public health, such as in relation to aging populations or post-injury recovery, reflecting Russia's focus on accessible healthcare narratives in media and education.

Related Concepts:

• Дистрофия (dystrofiya)
• Паралич (paralich)
• Остеопороз (osteoporoz)