Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'astringent'

English Word: astringent

Key Russian Translations:

• вяжущий [vʲɪˈʒuʂɨj] - [Formal, Adjective, Used in medical, chemical, or cosmetic contexts]
• вяжущее [vʲɪˈʒuʂkə] - [Formal, Noun, Neuter, Used when referring to substances or agents]

Frequency: Medium (Common in specialized fields like medicine and chemistry, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves technical vocabulary; learners should have a grasp of adjective and noun inflections before mastering this)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вяжущий: [vʲɪˈʒuʂɨj]

вяжущее: [vʲɪˈʒuʂkə]

Note on вяжущий: The soft sign (ь) in вяжущий affects the pronunciation, making the 'j' sound palatalized; be careful with the stress on the second syllable, which is common in Russian adjectives.

Note on вяжущее: As a neuter noun, the ending '-ое' is pronounced with a soft 'e' sound; variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As an adjective, referring to something that causes contraction or has a puckering effect (e.g., in medicine or taste)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вяжущий - Used in formal contexts like describing medical treatments or chemical properties, e.g., in pharmacology.

Usage Examples:

• Этот крем имеет вяжущий эффект на кожу. (This cream has an astringent effect on the skin.)

  English: This cream has an astringent effect on the skin.

• Вяжущий вкус чая зависит от типа заварки. (The astringent taste of tea depends on the type of brew.)

  English: The astringent taste of tea depends on the type of brew.

• Врачи рекомендуют вяжущий лосьон для лечения ран. (Doctors recommend an astringent lotion for treating wounds.)

  English: Doctors recommend an astringent lotion for treating wounds.

• Вяжущий компонент в лекарстве помогает остановить кровотечение. (The astringent component in the medicine helps stop bleeding.)

  English: The astringent component in the medicine helps stop bleeding.

Meaning 2: As a noun, referring to a substance that contracts tissues or has a drying effect

Translation(s) & Context:

• вяжущее - Used in scientific or everyday contexts for products like skincare items or chemical agents.

Usage Examples:

• Это вяжущее используется в косметике для сужения пор. (This astringent is used in cosmetics to tighten pores.)

  English: This astringent is used in cosmetics to tighten pores.

• Вяжущее в этом средстве помогает при воспалениях. (The astringent in this remedy helps with inflammations.)

  English: The astringent in this remedy helps with inflammations.

• Приготовьте вяжущее из трав для лечения ожогов. (Prepare an astringent from herbs to treat burns.)

  English: Prepare an astringent from herbs to treat burns.

• Вяжущее действие этого препарата быстрое и эффективное. (The astringent action of this drug is quick and effective.)

  English: The astringent action of this drug is quick and effective.

• Вяжущее в чае придает ему характерный вкус. (The astringent in tea gives it a characteristic taste.)

  English: The astringent in tea gives it a characteristic taste.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For вяжущий (adjective): This is an adjective that follows standard Russian adjectival inflections. It changes based on gender, number, and case. Below is a table of its forms:

For вяжущее (noun, neuter): This is a neuter noun that follows the standard second declension pattern. It is inflected for case and number, but has no gender variations. Example: Nominative singular - вяжущее; Genitive singular - вяжущего; Plural nominative - вяжующие.

Note: Both words are regular in their inflections, making them straightforward for learners once basic patterns are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • стягивающий (styagivayushchiy) - Similar to вяжущий, but often used in contexts of physical tightening, with a slight emphasis on mechanical action.
  • сжимающий (szhimayushchiy) - Used interchangeably in some medical contexts, implying compression.
• Antonyms:
  • разрыхляющий (razykhlayushchiy) - Indicates loosening or softening effects.
  • ослабляющий (oslablyayushchiy) - Suggests weakening or relaxing properties.

Related Phrases:

• Вяжущее средство - A common phrase for "astringent agent" or "astringent remedy," used in pharmaceuticals to describe tightening substances.
• Вяжущий эффект - Refers to "astringent effect," often in skincare or medical treatments, implying a contracting action on tissues.
• Природное вяжущее - Means "natural astringent," commonly used for herbal or plant-based products in everyday health contexts.

Usage Notes:

Astringent corresponds closely to вяжущий as an adjective and вяжущее as a noun in Russian, but usage is typically restricted to formal or technical domains like medicine, chemistry, and cosmetics. Choose вяжущий for descriptive purposes (e.g., "an astringent taste") and вяжущее for referring to substances. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: adjectives like вяжущий must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. In informal speech, native speakers might opt for synonyms to avoid overly technical language.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using вяжущий without proper inflection, e.g., saying "вяжущий крем" in a context where it should be "вяжущая мазь" for feminine nouns. Correct: Always match the adjective to the noun's gender and case. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree, unlike English, which can lead to confusion for beginners.
• Mistake: Confusing вяжущий with вяжущее and using them interchangeably without context, e.g., "Это вяжущий" instead of "Это вяжущее средство." Correct: Use вяжущее as a noun for substances. Explanation: This error stems from not distinguishing parts of speech, which is crucial in Russian syntax.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, astringent substances like those derived from herbs (e.g., in traditional folk medicine) are often associated with natural remedies for skin care or wound treatment, reflecting a historical reliance on homemade treatments in rural areas. While not deeply symbolic, the concept ties into broader themes of self-care in Slavic traditions, where plants with astringent properties are celebrated in literature and proverbs for their healing qualities.

Related Concepts:

• стягивающий
• разрыхляющий
• косметическое средство
• лечебное вещество