Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'artery'

English Word: artery

Key Russian Translations:

• артерия [ɐrˈtʲerʲɪjə] - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical and scientific contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

артерия: [ɐrˈtʲerʲɪjə]

Note on артерия: Stress falls on the second syllable ('te'). The 'r' is rolled, and 'я' sounds like 'ya'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Blood Vessel (Medical Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• артерия - Used in medical or scientific discussions to refer to a blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.

Usage Examples:

• Артерия была повреждена во время аварии.

  The artery was damaged during the accident.

• Коронарные артерии снабжают сердце кровью.

  Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart.

• Давление в артериях выше, чем в венах.

  The pressure in arteries is higher than in veins.

• Врач проверил состояние артерии с помощью УЗИ.

  The doctor checked the condition of the artery using an ultrasound.

• Закупорка артерии может привести к инфаркту.

  A blockage in an artery can lead to a heart attack.

2. Major Route (Figurative Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• артерия - Used metaphorically to describe a main road, channel, or route (e.g., traffic artery).

Usage Examples:

• Эта дорога - главная артерия города.

  This road is the main artery of the city.

• Транспортные артерии были перекрыты из-за протестов.

  Traffic arteries were blocked due to protests.

• Река служит важной торговой артерией региона.

  The river serves as an important trade artery of the region.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

артерия is a feminine noun in Russian. It follows the standard declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in -я.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• сосуд (in medical context, broader term for vessel)
• магистраль (in figurative context, for major route)

Note: 'сосуд' is a more general term that can refer to any blood vessel, while 'артерия' specifically means artery. 'магистраль' is used only in metaphorical contexts.

Antonyms:

• вена (vein, in medical context)

Related Phrases:

• коронарная артерия - Coronary artery (refers specifically to arteries supplying the heart).
• артериальное давление - Arterial pressure (blood pressure in arteries).
• транспортная артерия - Traffic artery (a major transportation route).

Usage Notes:

• The Russian word 'артерия' is a direct equivalent of 'artery' in both literal (medical) and figurative senses.
• It is primarily used in formal or technical contexts, such as medical discussions or descriptions of infrastructure.
• Unlike in English, the figurative use (e.g., "traffic artery") is less common in everyday speech and more typical of written or formal language.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'артерия' with 'вена' (vein). English speakers might mix these up due to lack of distinction in casual speech.

  Incorrect: Кровь возвращается к сердцу через артерию. (Blood returns to the heart through an artery.)

  Correct: Кровь возвращается к сердцу через вену. (Blood returns to the heart through a vein.)

  Explanation: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry it back. Use 'вена' for veins.

• Error: Incorrect case usage in sentences.

  Incorrect: Я вижу артерия на экране. (I see artery on the screen.)

  Correct: Я вижу артерию на экране. (I see an artery on the screen.)

  Explanation: After 'вижу' (see), the noun must be in the accusative case ('артерию'), not nominative.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, medical terminology like 'артерия' is often used with precision in educational and professional settings. However, in everyday conversation, Russians might use more general terms like 'сосуд' (vessel) unless discussing specific health issues. Additionally, the metaphorical use of 'артерия' (e.g., for roads or rivers) often appears in literature or formal speeches rather than casual dialogue.

Related Concepts:

• вена (vein)
• капилляр (capillary)
• кровеносная система (circulatory system)